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Umthelela we-microstructure ekwakhekeni kwamashidi ensimbi engagqwali ukhathaza kakhulu onjiniyela abasebenza ngensimbi. Ngama-austenitic steels, ukutholakala kwe-deformation martensite (\({\ alpha}^{^{\prime))\)-martensite) ku-microstructure kuholela ekuqineni okuphawulekayo nokuncipha kokufometha. Kulolu cwaningo, sihlose ukuhlola ukwakheka kwezinsimbi ze-AISI 316 ezinamandla ahlukene e-martensitic ngezindlela zokuhlola nezobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Esinyathelweni sokuqala, insimbi ye-AISI 316 enogqinsi oluyi-2 mm yafakwa emanzini futhi yabanda yagoqwa yaba ugqinsi oluhlukahlukene. Kamuva, indawo ye-related strain martensite ikalwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-metallographic. Ukwakheka kwamashidi agoqiwe kwanqunywa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-hemisphere burst ukuthola umdwebo womkhawulo wobunzima (FLD). Idatha etholwe ngenxa yokuhlolwa iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuqeqesha nokuhlola uhlelo lokuphazanyiswa kwe-neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS). Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa kwe-ANFIS, izinhlobo ezivelele ezibikezelwe inethiwekhi ye-neural zaqhathaniswa nesethi entsha yemiphumela yokuhlola. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukugoqa okubandayo kunomphumela omubi ekwakhekeni kwalolu hlobo lwensimbi engagqwali, kodwa amandla eshidi athuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ANFIS ibonisa imiphumela egculisayo uma iqhathaniswa nezilinganiso zokuhlola.
Ikhono lokwenza ishidi lensimbi, nakuba isihloko sezihloko zesayensi amashumi eminyaka, lihlala liyindawo ethakazelisayo yocwaningo lwe-metallurgy. Amathuluzi amasha obuchwepheshe namamodeli ezibalo akwenza kube lula ukuthola izinto ezingaba khona ezithinta ukwakheka. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukubaluleka kwe-microstructure yomkhawulo wokuma kuye kwavezwa eminyakeni yamuva kusetshenziswa i-Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutholakala kwe-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) kanye ne-electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) kusiza abacwaningi babheke umsebenzi we-microstructural wezinhlaka zekristalu ngesikhathi sokuguquguquka. Ukuqonda umthelela wezigaba ezihlukene zensimbi, usayizi wokusanhlamvu kanye nokuma kwawo, kanye nokukhubazeka kwe-microscopic ezingeni lokusanhlamvu kubalulekile ekubikezeleni ukwakheka.
Ukunquma ukwakheka kukodwa kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba ukwakheka kuboniswe ukuthi kuncike kakhulu ezindleleni 1, 2, 3. Ngakho-ke, imibono evamile yobunzima bokwakha ekugcineni ayithembeki ngaphansi kwezimo zokulayisha ezingalingani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindlela eziningi zokulayisha ezisetshenziswa zezimboni zihlukaniswa njengokulayisha okungalingani. Kulokhu, izindlela zendabuko ze-hemispherical kanye nokuhlola i-Marciniak-Kuchinsky (MK)4,5,6 kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuqapha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, omunye umqondo, i-Fracture Limit Diagram (FFLD), udonse ukunaka konjiniyela abaningi bokubumba. Kulo mqondo, imodeli yomonakalo isetshenziselwa ukubikezela ukwakheka kweshidi. Mayelana nalokhu, ukuzimela kwendlela kufakwe ekuqaleni ekuhlaziyweni futhi imiphumela ivumelana kahle nemiphumela yokuhlola engenakulinganiswa7,8,9. Ukwakheka kweshidi lensimbi kuncike kumingcele eminingana kanye nomlando wokucubungula weshidi, kanye ne-microstructure kanye nesigaba sensimbi10,11,12,13,14,15.
Ukuncika kosayizi kuyinkinga uma kucatshangelwa izici ezincane zensimbi. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi, ezindaweni ezincane zokuguquguquka, ukuncika kwezakhiwo zokudlidliza nokubopha kuncike kakhulu esikalini sobude bezinto16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27, 28,29,30. Umthelela wosayizi wokusanhlamvu ekwenziweni kwawo kudala wabonakala embonini. U-Yamaguchi kanye no-Mellor [31] bafunde umthelela wosayizi wokusanhlamvu nokujiya ezimpahleni eziqinile zamashidi ensimbi besebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwethiyori. Besebenzisa imodeli ye-Marciniac, babika ukuthi ngaphansi kokulayisha okuqinile kwe-biaxial, ukuncipha kwesilinganiso sogqinsi nosayizi wokusanhlamvu kuholela ekwehleni kwezakhiwo eziqinile zeshidi. Imiphumela yokuhlola kaWilson et al. I-32 iqinisekise ukuthi ukwehlisa ukujiya kuya kububanzi obuyisilinganiso sokusanhlamvu (t/d) kubangele ukuncipha kokunwebeka kwe-biaxial kwamashidi ensimbi ogqinsi obuthathu obuhlukene. Baphethe ngokuthi kumanani we-t/d angaphansi kuka-20, ukuwohloka okuphawulekayo kwe-inhomogeneity kanye nentamo kuthintwa kakhulu yizinhlamvu ezingazodwana ebugqileni beshidi. U-Ulvan kanye no-Koursaris33 bafunde umthelela wosayizi wokusanhlamvu kukho konke ukusebenza kwe-304 kanye ne-316 austenitic stainless steels. Babika ukuthi ukwakheka kwalezi zinsimbi akuthintwa usayizi wokusanhlamvu, kodwa izinguquko ezincane ezicini eziqinile zingabonakala. Ukwanda kosayizi wokusanhlamvu okuholela ekwehleni kwezici zamandla zalezi zinsimbi. Umthelela we-dislocation density ekucindezelweni kokugeleza kwezinsimbi ze-nickel kubonisa ukuthi ukuminyana kokususwa kunquma ingcindezi yokugeleza kwensimbi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usayizi wokusanhlamvu34 ungakanani. Ukusebenzisana okusanhlamvu kanye nokuma kwasekuqaleni nakho kunethonya elikhulu ekuguqukeni kokuthungwa kwe-aluminium, okwaphenywa u-Becker no-Panchanadiswaran besebenzisa izivivinyo kanye nokumodela kwe-crystal plasticity35. Imiphumela yezinombolo ekuhlaziyeni kwabo ivumelana kahle nokuhlolwa, nakuba eminye imiphumela yokulingisa ichezuka ekuhlolweni ngenxa yemikhawulo yemibandela yemingcele esetshenzisiwe. Ngokutadisha amaphethini epulasitiki ecwebezelayo kanye nokuhlonza ngokuhlolwa, amashidi e-aluminium agingqiwe akhombisa ukubunjwa okuhlukile36. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi nakuba amajika okucindezeleka okucindezela amashidi ahlukene ayecishe afane, kwakukhona umehluko omkhulu ekubunjweni kwawo ngokusekelwe kumanani okuqala. U-Amelirad no-Assempour basebenzise izivivinyo kanye ne-CPFEM ukuze bathole amajika e-stress-strain amashidi ensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic37. Ukulingiswa kwabo kubonise ukuthi ukwanda kosayizi wokusanhlamvu kuya phezulu ku-FLD, kwakha ijika elikhawulela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalobi abafanayo baphenye umphumela wokuqondiswa kokusanhlamvu kanye ne-morphology ekubunjweni kwe-voids 38.
Ngokungeziwe ku-morphology yokusanhlamvu kanye nokuqondiswa kwezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic, isimo samawele nezigaba zesibili nazo zibalulekile. I-twinning iyindlela eyinhloko yokuqinisa nokukhulisa ubude ku-TWIP 39 steel. I-Hwang40 ibike ukuthi ukwakheka kwezinsimbi ze-TWIP bekukubi naphezu kwempendulo eyanele yokuqina. Kodwa-ke, umthelela we-deformation twinning ekwakhekeni kwamashidi ensimbi ye-austenitic awukafundwa ngokwanele. UMishra et al. I-41 yafunda izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ukuze zibone ukuwela ngaphansi kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene eziqinile. Bathola ukuthi amawele angavela emithonjeni yokubola yawo womabili amawele asele kanye nesizukulwane esisha samawele. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi amawele amakhulu kakhulu akha ngaphansi kwe-biaxial tension. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-austenite ku-\({\ alpha}^{^{\prime}}\) -martensite kuncike endleleni yokucindezeleka. Hong et al. 42 yaphenya umthelela we-twinning edalwe ukucindezelwa kanye ne-martensite ku-embrittlement ye-hydrogen phezu kwebanga lamazinga okushisa ekuncibilikeni kwe-laser okukhethiwe okungu-316L austenitic steel. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi, kuye ngezinga lokushisa, i-hydrogen ingabangela ukwehluleka noma ithuthukise ukwakheka kwensimbi engu-316L. Shen et al. 43 ngokuhlolwa kukalwe umthamo we-deformation martensite ngaphansi kokulayisha okuqinile ngamazinga ahlukahlukene okulayisha. Kutholwe ukuthi ukwanda komfutho we-tensile kwandisa ingxenye yevolumu yengxenye ye-martensite.
Izindlela ze-AI zisetshenziswa kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo ekufaniseni izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izisekelo zomzimba nezezibalo zenkinga44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52 Inani lezindlela ze-AI liyanda. . UMoradi et al. I-44 isebenzise amasu okufunda komshini ukwenza ngcono izimo zamakhemikhali ukuze kukhiqizwe izinhlayiya ze-nanosilica ezingcono kakhulu. Ezinye izakhiwo zamakhemikhali nazo zithonya izakhiwo zezinto ze-nanoscale, eziphenywe ezihlokweni eziningi zocwaningo53. Ce et al. I-45 isebenzise i-ANFIS ukubikezela ukwakheka kwe-plain carbon steel sheet sheet ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokugingqa. Ngenxa yokugoqa okubandayo, ukuminyana kokuhlukaniswa kwensimbi ethambile kukhuphuke kakhulu. Izinsimbi zekhabhoni ezingenalutho ziyahluka kuzinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ezimisweni zazo eziqinile nezibuyisela esimweni. Ngensimbi elula ye-carbon, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba akwenzeki ku-microstructure yensimbi. Ngaphezu kwesigaba sensimbi, i-ductility, i-fracture, machinability, njll. yezinsimbi nazo zithinteka ezinye izici eziningana ze-microstructural ezenzeka phakathi nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokwelashwa kokushisa, ukusebenza okubandayo, nokuguga54,55,56,57,58,59 ,60. , 61, 62. Muva nje, u-Chen et al. 63 wafunda umphumela wokugoqa okubandayo ekwakhekeni kwensimbi engu-304L. Bacabangele ukubonwa kwe-phenomenological kuphela ezivivinyweni zokuhlola ukuze baqeqeshe inethiwekhi ye-neural ukubikezela ukwakheka. Eqinisweni, esimweni se-austenitic stainless steels, izici eziningana zihlangana ukuze kuncishiswe izakhiwo eziqinile zeshidi. U-Lu et al.64 basebenzise i-ANFIS ukuze babone umphumela wamapharamitha ahlukahlukene enqubweni yokunwetshwa kwembobo.
Njengoba kuxoxwe kafushane ekubuyekezweni okungenhla, umphumela we-microstructure kumdwebo womkhawulo womumo uthole ukunakwa okuncane ezincwadini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici eziningi ze-microstructural kufanele zicatshangelwe. Ngakho-ke, cishe akunakwenzeka ukufaka zonke izici ze-microstructural ezindleleni zokuhlaziya. Ngalo mqondo, ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kungaba yinzuzo. Mayelana nalokhu, lolu cwaningo luphenya umphumela wesici esisodwa sezici ze-microstructural, okungukuthi ukuba khona kwe-martensite ebangelwa ukucindezeleka, ekwakhekeni kwamashidi ensimbi engagqwali. Lolu cwaningo luhlukile kwezinye izifundo ze-AI mayelana nokwakheka ngokuthi kugxilwe ezicini zesakhiwo esincane kune-FLD curves yokuhlola. Sifune ukuhlola ukwakheka kwensimbi engu-316 enokuqukethwe okuhlukahlukene kwe-martensite sisebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola nezobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Esinyathelweni sokuqala, insimbi engu-316 enogqinsi lokuqala oluyi-2 mm yakhishwa futhi yabanda yagoqwa yaba ugqinsi oluhlukahlukene. Khona-ke, kusetshenziswa isilawuli se-metallographic, indawo ehlobene ye-martensite yalinganiswa. Ukwakheka kwamashidi agoqiwe kwanqunywa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-hemisphere burst ukuthola umdwebo womkhawulo wobunzima (FLD). Idatha etholwe kuye kamuva yasetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha nokuhlola uhlelo lokuphazanyiswa kwe-neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS). Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa kwe-ANFIS, izibikezelo zenethiwekhi ye-neural ziqhathaniswa nesethi entsha yemiphumela yokuhlola.
Ishidi lensimbi engagqwali engu-316 austenitic elisetshenziswe ocwaningweni lwamanje linokwakheka kwamakhemikhali njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 1 kanye nogqinsi lwasekuqaleni luka-1.5 mm. I-Annealing ku-1050 ° C ngehora elingu-1 kulandelwa ukucisha kwamanzi ukuze kukhishwe izingcindezi ezisele eshidini nokuthola i-microstructure efanayo.
I-microstructure ye-austenitic steels ingadalulwa kusetshenziswa ama-etchants amaningana. Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezenza u-60% we-nitric acid emanzini acwecwe, aqoshwe ku-1 VDC ngo-120 s38. Nokho, le etchant ibonisa kuphela imingcele yokusanhlamvu futhi ayikwazi ukukhomba imingcele yezinhlamvu eziphindwe kabili, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 1a. Enye i-etchant i-glycerol acetate, lapho imingcele engamawele ingabonakala kahle, kodwa imingcele yezinhlamvu ayikho, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 1b. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuguqulwa kwesigaba se-austenitic esine-metastable sibe \({\ alpha }^{^{\prime}}\)-martensite isigaba singatholwa kusetshenziswa i-glycerol acetate etchant, enentshisekelo ocwaningweni lwamanje.
I-Microstructure ye-metal plate 316 ngemva kokufakwa, eboniswa ama-etchants ahlukahlukene, (a) 200x, 60% \({\mathrm{HNO}}_{3}\) emanzini acwengekile ku-1.5 V ngamasekhondi angu-120, kanye (b) no-200x , i-glyceryl acetate.
Amashidi ane-annealed asikwa abe amashidi angu-11 cm ububanzi kanye no-1 m ubude ukuze agingqe. Isitshalo esigoqayo esibandayo sinemiqulu emibili elinganayo enobubanzi obuyi-140 mm. Inqubo yokugoqa ebandayo idala ukuguqulwa kwe-austenite ibe yi-deformation martensite ku-316 insimbi engagqwali. Ibheka isilinganiso sesigaba se-martensite kuya esigabeni se-austenite ngemva kokugoqa okubandayo phakathi kogqinsi oluhlukene. Emkhiwaneni. 2 ibonisa isampula ye-microstructure yeshidi lensimbi. Emkhiwaneni. I-2a ibonisa isithombe se-metallographic sesampula egoqiwe, njengoba sibhekwa kusukela ekuqondeni kweshidi. Emkhiwaneni. 2b kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-ImageJ65, ingxenye ye-martensitic igqanyiswa ngomnyama. Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi ale software yomthombo ovulekile, indawo yengxenye ye-martensite ingalinganiswa. Ithebula 2 libonisa izingxenyana ezinemininingwane yezigaba ze-martensitic ne-austenitic ngemva kokugingqika ekuncishisweni okuhlukahlukene kogqinsi.
I-Microstructure yeshidi elingu-316 L ngemva kokugingqika ekuncipheni ngo-50% kokuqina, okubukwa ngokuhambisana nendiza yeshidi, kukhuliswe izikhathi ezingu-200, i-glycerol acetate.
Amanani ethulwe kuThebula 2 atholwe ngokulinganisa izingxenyana ze-martensite ezilinganisiwe ezithombeni ezintathu ezithathwe ezindaweni ezihlukene kumfanekiso ofanayo we-metallographic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emkhiwaneni. 3 ikhombisa amajika afaka ama-quadratic ukuze uqonde kangcono umthelela wokugoqeka okubandayo ku-martensite. Kungabonakala ukuthi kukhona ukuhlobana okucishe kube komugqa phakathi kwengxenye ye-martensite kanye nokuncipha kogqinsi esimweni sokugoqwa okubandayo. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwane be-quadratic bungamela kangcono lobu budlelwano.
Ukwehluka kwengxenye ye-martensite njengomsebenzi wokunciphisa ukujiya ngesikhathi sokugoqeka okubandayo kweshidi lensimbi elifakwe ekuqaleni elingu-316.
Umkhawulo wokubunjwa uhlolwe ngokwenqubo evamile kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-hemisphere burst37,38,45,66. Sekukonke, amasampuli ayisithupha enziwe ngokusikwa kwe-laser ngobukhulu obuboniswe ku-Fig. 4a njengesethi yamasampuli okuhlola. Esimweni ngasinye sengxenye ye-martensite, amasethi amathathu ezibonelo zokuhlola alungiswa futhi ahlolwa. Emkhiwaneni. I-4b ibonisa amasampula asikiwe, aphucuziwe, namakiwe.
I-Nakazima yokubumba ikhawulela usayizi wesampula kanye nebhodi lokusika. (a) Ubukhulu, (b) Sika futhi umakwe izifanekiso.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemispherical punching kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umshini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic onesivinini sokuhamba esingu-2 mm/s. Izindawo zokuthintana ze-punch neshidi zigcotshwe kahle ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokungqubuzana ekwenzeni imikhawulo. Qhubeka nokuhlola kuze kube yilapho kubonakala ukuncishiswa okuphawulekayo noma ikhefu kusifanekiso. Emkhiwaneni. 5 ibonisa isampula elichithiwe kudivayisi kanye nesampula ngemva kokuhlolwa.
Umkhawulo wokuma unqunywe kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-hemispherical burst, (a) test rig, (b) isampula yepuleti ngesikhathi sekhefu endaweni yokuhlola, (c) isampula efanayo ngemva kokuhlolwa.
Isistimu ye-neuro-fuzzy eyakhiwe yi-Jang67 iyithuluzi elifanele lokuqagela ijika lomkhawulo wokwakheka kwamaqabunga. Lolu hlobo lwenethiwekhi ye-neural yokwenziwa luhlanganisa umthelela wamapharamitha anezincazelo ezingacacile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangathola noma yiliphi inani langempela emikhakheni yabo. Amanani alolu hlobo ahlukaniswa futhi ngokwenani lawo. Isigaba ngasinye sinemithetho yaso. Ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokushisa lingaba yinoma iyiphi inombolo yangempela, futhi kuye ngenani layo, amazinga okushisa angahlukaniswa njengabandayo, amaphakathi, afudumele, futhi ashisayo. Mayelana nalokhu, isibonelo, umthetho wamazinga okushisa aphansi umthetho othi "gqoka ijazi", futhi umthetho wamazinga okushisa afudumele "i-T-shirt eyanele". Ngomqondo ophusile ngokwawo, okukhiphayo kuhlolwa ukunemba nokuthembeka. Inhlanganisela yamasistimu enethiwekhi ye-neural ane-logic engaqondakali iqinisekisa ukuthi i-ANFIS izohlinzeka ngemiphumela ethembekile.
Umfanekiso 6 onikezwe i-Jang67 ubonisa inethiwekhi elula ye-neural fuzzy. Njengoba kubonisiwe, inethiwekhi ithatha okokufaka okubili, ocwaningweni lwethu okokufaka kuyinani le-martensite ku-microstructure kanye nenani lobunzima obuncane. Ezingeni lokuqala lokuhlaziya, amanani okokufaka afiphazwa kusetshenziswa imithetho engaqondakali nemisebenzi yobulungu (FC):
Ku-\(i=1, 2\), njengoba okokufaka kucatshangwa ukuthi kunezigaba ezimbili zencazelo. I-MF ingathatha noma yimuphi unxantathu, trapezoidal, Gaussian, nanoma yimuphi omunye umumo.
Ngokusekelwe ezigabeni \({A}_{i}\) kanye \({B}_{i}\) kanye namanani azo e-MF ezingeni 2, eminye imithetho iyamukelwa, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 7. Kulokhu ungqimba, imiphumela yokufakwayo okuhlukahlukene ihlanganiswa ngandlela thize. Lapha, imithetho elandelayo isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa umthelela wengxenye ye-martensite kanye namanani amancane obunzima:
Okukhiphayo \({w}_{i}\) kwalesi sendlalelo kubizwa ngokuthi ukushuba komlilo. Lawa mandla okushisa ajwayele ungqimba 3 ngokuya ngobudlelwane obulandelayo:
Kusendlalelo sesi-4, imithetho ye-Takagi ne-Sugeno engu-67,68 ifakiwe ekubalweni ukuze kucatshangelwe ithonya lamanani okuqala wemingcele yokufaka. Lesi sendlalelo sinobudlelwano obulandelayo:
Umphumela \({f}_{i}\) uthintwa amanani ajwayelekile ezendlalelo, okunikeza umphumela wokugcina, amanani ayinhloko we-warp:
lapho \(NR\) imele inani lemithetho. Indima yenethiwekhi ye-neural lapha ukusebenzisa i-algorithm yayo yokuthuthukisa yangaphakathi ukulungisa amapharamitha enethiwekhi angaziwa. Amapharamitha angaziwa amapharamitha angumphumela \(\kwesokunxele\{{p}_{i}, {q}_{i}, {r}_{i}\kwesokudla\}\), kanye nemingcele ehlobene ne-MF abhekwa njengomsebenzi womumo we-wind chimes jikelele:
Imidwebo yomkhawulo womumo incike kumapharamitha amaningi, kusukela ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali kuya emlandweni wokuguquguquka weshidi lensimbi. Amanye amapharamitha kulula ukuwahlola, okuhlanganisa amapharamitha okuhlola okuqinile, kuyilapho amanye adinga izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge-metallography noma ukunqunywa kwengcindezi esele. Ezimweni eziningi, kuyatuseka ukwenza ukuhlolwa komkhawulo wobunzima kuqeqebana ngalinye leshidi. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi eminye imiphumela yokuhlola ingasetshenziswa ukulinganisa umkhawulo wokubunjwa. Isibonelo, izifundo ezimbalwa zisebenzise imiphumela yokuhlola eqinile ukuze kutholwe ukwakheka kweshidi69,70,71,72. Ezinye izifundo zazihlanganisa imingcele eyengeziwe ekuhlaziyeni kwazo, njengokujiya okusanhlamvu nosayizi31,73,74,75,76,77. Kodwa-ke, akusizi ngekhompyutha ukufaka wonke amapharamitha avunyelwe. Ngakho, ukusetshenziswa kwamamodeli we-ANFIS kungase kube indlela enengqondo yokubhekana nalezi zinkinga45,63.
Kuleli phepha, ithonya lokuqukethwe kwe-martensite kumdwebo womkhawulo wokubunjwa weshidi le-316 austenitic steel laphenywa. Mayelana nalokhu, isethi yedatha yalungiswa kusetshenziswa izivivinyo zokuhlola. Uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lunezinto ezimbili eziguquguqukayo zokufaka: ingxenye ye-martensite elinganiswa ezivivinyweni ze-metallographic kanye nobubanzi bezinhlobo ezincane zobunjiniyela. Umphumela uba ukuwohloka okukhulu kobunjiniyela bejika lomkhawulo wokwakha. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamafrakshini e-martensitic: amafrakshini amahle, aphakathi nendawo naphezulu. Okuphansi kusho ukuthi ingxenye ye-martensite ingaphansi kuka-10%. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganiselwe, ingxenye ye-martensite isuka ku-10% iye ku-20%. Amanani aphezulu e-martensite athathwa njengezingxenyana ezingaphezu kuka-20%. Ukwengeza, uhlobo lwesibili lunezigaba ezintathu ezihlukene phakathi kuka -5% no-5% eduze kwe-eksisi eqondile, esetshenziselwa ukunquma i-FLD0. Ububanzi obuhle nobunegethivu ezinye izigaba ezimbili.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-hemispherical iboniswa ku-FIG. Isibalo sibonisa imidwebo yokuma engu-6 yemikhawulo, engu-5 yayo eyi-FLD yamashidi agoqiwe ngamanye. Kunikezwe iphoyinti lokuphepha kanye nekhevu yalo yomkhawulo ongaphezulu okwenza i-limited curve (FLC). Isibalo sokugcina siqhathanisa wonke ama-FLC. Njengoba kungabonwa emfanekisweni wokugcina, ukwanda kwenani le-martensite ku-316 austenitic steel kunciphisa ukubunjwa kwensimbi yeshidi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwandisa ingxenye ye-martensite kancane kancane kuguqula i-FLC ibe ijika elilinganayo mayelana ne-eksisi eqondile. Kumagrafu amabili okugcina, uhlangothi lwesokudla lwejika luphakeme kancane kunesobunxele, okusho ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-biaxial tension kuphakeme kune-uniaxial tension. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili izingqinamba ezincane nezinkulu zobunjiniyela ngaphambi kwentamo ziyancipha ngenani elikhulayo le-martensite.
316 okwenza ijika lomkhawulo. Ithonya lengxenye ye-martensite ekwakhekeni kwamashidi ensimbi ye-austenitic. (iphoyinti lokuphepha SF, ijika lomkhawulo wokwakheka FLC, martensite M).
Inethiwekhi ye-neural yaqeqeshwa kumasethi we-60 wemiphumela yokuhlola enezingxenye ze-martensite ze-7.8, 18.3 kanye ne-28.7%. Isethi yedatha ye-15.4% martensite ibekelwe inqubo yokuqinisekisa kanye no-25.6% wenqubo yokuhlola. Iphutha ngemva kwama-epoch angu-150 cishe li-1.5%. Emkhiwaneni. 9 ibonisa ukuhlobana phakathi kokukhiphayo kwangempela (\({\epsilon }_{1}\), umthwalo oyisisekelo wobunjiniyela) ohlinzekelwe ukuqeqeshwa nokuhlolwa. Njengoba ubona, i-NFS eqeqeshiwe ibikezela \({\epsilon} _{1}\) ngokugculisayo ngezingxenye zeshidi lensimbi.
(a) Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanani abikezelwe nangokoqobo ngemva kwenqubo yokuqeqesha, (b) Iphutha phakathi kwamanani abikezelwe kanye nawoqobo omthwalo oyinhloko wobunjiniyela ku-FLC phakathi nokuqeqeshwa nokuqinisekiswa.
Ngesinye isikhathi phakathi nokuqeqeshwa, inethiwekhi ye-ANFIS nakanjani igaywa kabusha. Ukuze unqume lokhu, ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo kwenziwa, okubizwa ngokuthi "isheke". Uma inani lephutha lokuqinisekisa liphuma enanini lokuqeqeshwa, inethiwekhi iqala ukuziqeqesha kabusha. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 9b, ngaphambi kwenkathi engu-150, umehluko phakathi kwamajika okufunda nawokuqinisekisa mncane, futhi alandela cishe ijika elifanayo. Kuleli qophelo, iphutha lenqubo yokuqinisekisa liqala ukuchezuka ejikeni lokufunda, okuwuphawu lokufakela ngokweqile kwe-ANFIS. Ngakho, inethiwekhi ye-ANFIS yomjikelezo we-150 igcinwa ngephutha le-1.5%. Bese kwethulwa isibikezelo se-FLC se-ANFIS. Emkhiwaneni. I-10 ibonisa amajika abikezelwe futhi angempela amasampula akhethiwe asetshenziswe kunqubo yokuqeqesha nokuqinisekisa. Njengoba idatha evela kulawa majika yayisetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha inethiwekhi, akumangazi ukubona izibikezelo eziseduze kakhulu.
I-FLC yangempela yokuhlola kanye namajika aqagelayo e-ANFIS ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuqukethwe kwe-martensite. Lawa majika asetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuqeqesha.
Imodeli ye-ANFIS ayazi ukuthi kwenzekeni kusampula yokugcina. Ngakho-ke, sihlole i-ANFIS yethu eqeqeshiwe ye-FLC ngokuthumela amasampula ngengxenye ye-martensite engu-25.6%. Emkhiwaneni. 11 ibonisa ukuqagela kwe-ANFIS FLC kanye ne-FLC yokuhlola. Iphutha elikhulu phakathi kwevelu elibikezelwe kanye nevelu yokuhlola ngu-6.2%, eliphakeme kunevelu elibikezelwe phakathi nokuqeqeshwa nokuqinisekiswa. Nokho, leli phutha liyiphutha elingabekezeleleki uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izifundo ezibikezela i-FLC ngokwethiyori37.
Embonini, amapharamitha athinta ukwakheka achazwa ngendlela yolimi. Isibonelo, "okusanhlamvu okumahhadla kunciphisa ukwakheka" noma "ukwanda kokusebenza okubandayo kunciphisa i-FLC". Okokufaka kunethiwekhi ye-ANFIS esigabeni sokuqala kuhlukaniswa ngezigaba zolimi ezifana neziphansi, eziphakathi nendawo neziphezulu. Kunemithetho eyahlukene yezigaba ezahlukene kunethiwekhi. Ngakho-ke, embonini, lolu hlobo lwenethiwekhi lungaba usizo kakhulu mayelana nokufaka izici ezimbalwa ekuchazeni nasekuhlaziyeni kwabo ulimi. Kulo msebenzi, sizame ukucabangela esinye sezici eziyinhloko ze-microstructure ye-austenitic stainless steels ukuze sisebenzise amathuba e-ANFIS. Inani le-martensite elibangelwa ukucindezeleka elingu-316 liwumphumela oqondile wokusebenza okubandayo kwalokhu kufakwa. Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa kwe-ANFIS, kutholakale ukuthi ukwandisa ingxenye ye-martensite kulolu hlobo lwensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic kuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwe-FLC yepuleti 316, ukuze ukwandisa ingxenye ye-martensite kusuka ku-7.8% kuya ku-28.7% kunciphisa I-FLD0 kusukela ku-0.35. kuze kufike ku-0.1 ngokulandelana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inethiwekhi ye-ANFIS eqeqeshiwe neqinisekisiwe ingabikezela i-FLC isebenzisa u-80% wedatha yokuhlola etholakalayo enephutha elikhulu lika-6.5%, okuwumkhawulo owamukelekayo wephutha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo zetiyori kanye nobudlelwane be-phenomenological.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-08-2023