Isiboshwa uJohn Marion Grant wadlikizeka futhi waphalaza ngesikhathi sidutshulwa. Inkantolo iphinde yavula indlela yokuthi aphinde abulawe ngenyanga ezayo.
WASHINGTON – NgoLwesine, iNkantolo Ephakeme ikuchithile ukumiswa kweNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala ukumiswa kweziboshwa ezimbili ezigwetshwe intambo e-Oklahoma, nokuvula indlela yokuthi laba bantu babulawe ngomjovo obulalayo.
Omunye wabo, uJohn Marion Grant, walahlwa yicala lokubulala isisebenzi sasejele ngo-1998 futhi wabulawa amahora ambalwa ngemuva kwesinqumo seNkantolo eNkulu ngoLwesine.
Ngokwe-Associated Press, njengezinye izigameko zokubulawa kwabantu esifundazweni, kulokhu—okokuqala eminyakeni eyisithupha—akuhambi kahle. UMnu. Grant wayeboshelwe ku-gurney, wadlikizeka futhi waphalaza ngenkathi ethatha ikhemikhali yokuqala (edambisayo). Emizuzwini embalwa kamuva, amalungu eqembu elidubulayo amsula amahlanzo ebusweni nasentanyeni.
UMnyango Wezokuhlunyeleliswa Kwezimilo wase-Oklahoma wathi ukubulawa kwabantu kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano, “ngaphandle kwezinkinga.”
UMnu Grant kanye nesinye isiboshwa, uJulius Jones, baphikisa ngokuthi uhlelo lukahulumeni lomjovo obulalayo olusebenzisa amakhemikhali amathathu lungababangela ubuhlungu obukhulu.
Baphinde baphikisana nemfuneko ebekwe ijaji eliqulwa icala ngezizathu zenkolo lokuthi kumelwe bakhethe phakathi kwezindlela ezihlongozwayo zokuphoqelela umthetho, bethi ukwenza kanjalo kuyofana nokuzibulala.
Ngokwenqubo yenkantolo, umyalelo wayo omfushane awuzange uveze izizathu. Amanye amalungu amathathu enkantolo akhululekile - uStephen G. Breyer, uJustice Sonia Sotomayor, noJustice Elena Kagan - abavumelani futhi abazange banikeze izizathu. IJaji uNeil M. Gorsuch akazange ahileleke kuleli cala, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi wacabangela ingxenye eyodwa yalo lapho eseyijaji leFederal Court of Appeals.
UMnu Jones walahlwa yicala lokubulala owesilisa phambi kukadadewabo nendodakazi yakhe ngesikhathi kugetshengwa imoto ngo-1999 kanti uzobulawa ngoNovemba 18.
INkantolo Ephakeme ibilokhu ikungabaza inselele yohlelo lomjovo obulalayo futhi idinga ukuthi iziboshwa zifakazele ukuthi zizobhekana “nengozi enkulu yobuhlungu obukhulu.” Iziboshwa eziphikisana nesivumelwano kumele nazo ziphakamise ezinye izindlela.
Efingqa izinqumo zangaphambilini ngo-2019, iJaji uGorsuch wabhala: “Iziboshwa kufanele zibonise enye indlela esebenzayo nelula ukuyisebenzisa ezonciphisa kakhulu ingozi yobuhlungu obukhulu, nokuthi umbuso awunazo izizathu zokujeziswa. Yenqaba ukusebenzisa le ndlela ngaphansi kwezimo.”
Iziboshwa ezimbili zaphakamisa izindlela ezine ezingasetshenziswa, kodwa zenqaba ukukhetha phakathi kwazo ngezizathu zenkolo. Lokhu kwehluleka kwaholela ekubeni iJaji uStephen P. Friot leNkantolo Yesifunda Yase-Oklahoma ukuba libasuse ecaleni elalifakwe iziboshwa eziningana ezaziphikisa isivumelwano.
Ithimba labantu abathathu lamajaji eNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala Yase-US Yesifunda Seshumi likugunyazile ukumiswa kwezigwebo zentambo kuMnu. Grant noMnu Jones, lathi kwakungadingeki “bahlole ibhokisi” ukuze bakhethe indlela yabo yokufa. .
“Asikazitholi izidingo ezithile emthethweni wamacala afanele ukuthi isiboshwa sicacisa indlela yokubulawa esetshenziswe ecaleni laso ngokuthi ‘tick a box’, lapho isiboshwa sinqume esikhalweni saso ukuthi izinketho ezinikeziwe zifana ncamashi nalezo. enikeziwe. Okunye wukwenza,” iningi labantu libhale ngokulandelana okungasayinwanga.
Kwaqala isemester ethokozisayo. INkantolo Ephakeme, manje ephethwe amajaji ayisithupha aqokwe yiRiphabhulikhi, ibuyele kumajaji ngo-Okthoba 4 futhi yaqala isikhathi esibalulekile lapho izocabangela ukuqeda ilungelo elingokomthetho lokukhipha isisu nokwandisa kakhulu amalungelo ezibhamu.
Icala elikhulu lokukhipha isisu. Inkantolo izimisele ukuphonsela inselelo umthetho waseMississippi owenqabela ukukhishwa kwezisu okuningi ngemva kwamasonto angu-15, ukuze kucekelwe phansi futhi mhlawumbe kuguqulwe icala lika-1973 Roe v. Wade elasungula ilungelo elingokomthetho lokukhipha isisu. Isinqumo singawaqeda ngempumelelo amathuba asemthethweni okukhishwa kwezisu kubantu abahlala ezindaweni eziningi eziseNingizimu naseMidwest.
Izinqumo ezinkulu mayelana nezibhamu. Inkantolo izophinde icubungule ukuhambisana nomthethosisekelo komthetho osenesikhathi eside waseNew York obeka imingcele eqinile ekuphathweni kwezibhamu ngaphandle kwekhaya. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, inkantolo ingasikhiphi isinqumo esikhulu sesichibiyelo sesibili.
Ukuhlolwa kweJaji eliKhulu uRoberts. Leli fayela elishube kakhulu lecala lizovivinya ubuholi beJaji Eliyinhloko u-John G. Roberts Jr., olahlekelwe isikhundla sakhe njengesikhungo semibono yenkantolo ngemuva kokufika kukaJaji u-Amy Connie Barrett ngekwindla edlule.
Izinga losekelo lomphakathi lehlile. IJaji Eliyinhloko uRoberts manje usehola inkantolo eqhubeka ivukela umbuso. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwemibono yomphakathi lukhombisa ukuthi ngemuva kochungechunge lwezinqumo zasebusuku ezingajwayelekile mayelana nezinsolo zezepolitiki, izinga lokwesekwa komphakathi kwenkantolo lehle kakhulu.
Ekuphikiseni, iJaji uTimothy M. Tymkovich libhale ukuthi iziboshwa akumelwe zenze okungaphezu nje kokuphakamisa “izinkulumo ezinemibandela, ezicatshangelwayo noma ezingacacile.” Wabhala ukuthi isiboshwa kumelwe “sikhethe enye indlela engasetshenziswa ecaleni laso.”
Ummeli Omkhulu wase-Oklahoma uJohn M. O’Connor wabiza isinqumo senkantolo yokudlulisa amacala “njengephutha elikhulu.” Ufake isicelo esiphuthumayo ecela iNkantolo eNkulu ukuthi ikuhoxise ukumiswa kwakhe.
Lapho ephikisa isicelo, ummeli wesiboshwa wabhala ukuthi iJaji uFreet lenze umehluko ongafanele phakathi kweziboshwa ezazizimisele ukukhetha enye indlela ethile yokubulawa kanye neziboshwa ezazingazimisele ukukhetha.
Ngo-2014, uClayton D. Lockett wabonakala ebubula futhi ezabalaza phakathi nemizuzu engama-43 ebulawa. Udokotela waphetha ngokuthi uMnu. Lockett wayengalalisiwe ngokuphelele.
Ngo-2015, uCharles F. Warner wabulawa imizuzu engu-18, lapho izikhulu zasebenzisa umuthi okungewona ngephutha ukuze kumiswe inhliziyo yakhe. Kamuva ngalowo nyaka, ngemva kokuba umthengisi wezidakamizwa ezibulalayo e-Oklahoma ethumele umuthi okungewona ezikhulwini zejele, wabekela iNkantolo Ephakeme inselele eNkantolo Ephakeme, uRichard E. Ge, mayelana nokuvumelana nomthethosisekelo kwesivumelwano sesigwebo sentambo sase-Oklahoma. URichard E. Glossip wanikezwa ithuba lokumiswa okwesikhashana.
Ngenyanga ezayo, iNkantolo Ephakeme izolalela ingxabano mayelana nesicelo sesiboshwa saseTexas sokuthi umfundisi waso akwazi ukuxhumana naye ohlotsheni lokufa futhi akhuleke ngokuzwakalayo kanye naye.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-31-2021