Iyini insimbi enhle? Ngaphandle uma uzimisele ukufunda nge-metallurgy, lokhu akulula ukuphendula. Kodwa, ukukubeka kalula, ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuncike ohlotsheni kanye nekhwalithi yama-alloys asetshenzisiwe, ukufudumeza, ukupholisa kanye nezinqubo zokucubungula, kanye nesistimu yobunikazi eyimfihlo yenkampani.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, kufanele ukwazi ukuthembela kumthombo wekhoyili yakho ukuze usize uqinisekise ukuthi izinga nenani lensimbi ocabanga ukuthi uyi-odile kuhambisana nezinga nenani lensimbi oyitholile.
Abanikazi bemishini yokwenza ama-roll ephathwayo kanye nemishini egxilile yasesitolo bangase bangazi ukuthi ukucaciswa ngakunye kunebanga elivumelekile lesisindo, futhi ukungacabangi lokhu lapho ku-oda kungase kubangele ukushoda okungalindelekile.
UKen McLauchlan, uMqondisi Wezokuthengisa e-Drexel Metals eColorado, uyachaza: “Lapho amaphawundi kumitha-skwele ngalinye esebangeni elivumelekile, kungaba nzima uku-oda izinto zokufulela ngepondo futhi udayiswe ngamamitha-skwele.” “Ungase uhlele ukusonga indaba. Ibekwe kuphawundi olu-1 ngonyawo lwesikwele, futhi ikhoyili ethunyelwe ingakwazi ukubekezelela amaphawundi angu-1.08 ngonyawo lwesikwele, kungazelelwe, udinga ukuqedela iphrojekthi futhi ukhokhelwe ngokushoda kwezinto ngo-8%.
Uma uphelelwa, ingabe uthole ivolumu entsha ehambisana nomkhiqizo obuwusebenzisa? UMcLauchlan wenze isibonelo sesipiliyoni sakhe somsebenzi wangaphambili njengosonkontileka omkhulu wokufulela. Usonkontileka ushintshe indawo emaphakathi yephrojekthi kusukela ekusebenziseni amaphaneli asenziwe ngaphambili ukuze agibele ukwakha amaphaneli akhe esizeni. Amakhoyili abawathumelayo anzima kakhulu kunalawo asetshenziswayo futhi adingeka emsebenzini. Nakuba insimbi yezinga eliphezulu, insimbi eqinile ingabangela amathini kawoyela amaningi.
Mayelana nodaba lwamathini kawoyela, uMcLaughlin wathi, “Eminye yayo kungase kube imishini [yokwenza ama-roll]—umshini awulungiswanga kahle; ezinye zazo zingamakhoyili-ikhoyili ilukhuni kunalokho obekufanele ibe yikho; noma kungaba ukungaguquguquki : Ukungaguquguquki kungaba ibanga, ukucaciswa, ukujiya, noma ubulukhuni.”
Ukungahambisani kungase kuvele lapho usebenza nabahlinzeki abaningi. Akukhona ukuthi izinga lensimbi limpofu, kodwa ukuthi ukulinganisa nokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngumkhiqizi ngamunye kuhlangabezana nomshini wawo kanye nezidingo zawo. Lokhu kusebenza emithonjeni yensimbi, kanye nezinkampani ezengeza upende nopende. Zonke zingaba ngaphakathi kokubekezelela/ezindinganisweni zemboni, kodwa uma uxuba futhi uqhathanisa abahlinzeki, izinguquko emiphumeleni esuka komunye umthombo iye komunye izobonakala kumkhiqizo wokugcina.
"Ngokombono wethu, inkinga enkulu yomkhiqizo oqediwe ukuthi [inqubo nokuhlolwa] kufanele kuhambisane," kusho uMcLaughlin. "Uma unokungahambisani, kuba yinkinga."
Kwenzekani lapho iphaneli eliqediwe linezinkinga endaweni yomsebenzi? Sethemba ukuthi izobanjwa ngaphambi kokufakwa, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthi inkinga isobala futhi uphahla lukhuthele kakhulu ekulawuleni ikhwalithi, kungenzeka ukuthi luvele ngemva kokufakwa kophahla.
Uma ikhasimende liqala ukubona iphaneli ye-wavy noma ukushintsha kombala, lizoshayela umuntu wokuqala kasonkontileka. Osonkontileka kufanele bashayele ucingo ama-panel supplier wabo noma, uma benemishini yokwenza ama-roll form, abahlinzeki babo bamakhoyili. Esimeni esihle kakhulu, iphaneli noma umphakeli wekhoyili uzoba nendlela yokuhlola isimo futhi aqale inqubo yokuyilungisa, ngisho noma ingabonisa ukuthi inkinga ilele ekufakeni, hhayi ikhoyili. "Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkampani enkulu noma othile osebenza ngaphandle kwendlu yakhe negalaji, udinga umenzi ozoma ngemuva kwakhe," kusho uMcLaughlin. “Osonkontileka abajwayelekile nabanikazi babheka osonkontileka abafulela sengathi badale izinkinga. Ithemba ukuthi inkambiso ukuthi abahlinzeki, abakhiqizi, bazohlinzeka ngezinto zokwakha ezengeziwe noma ukwesekwa. ”
Ngokwesibonelo, lapho uDrexel ebizwa, uMcLauchlan wachaza, “Saya endaweni yomsebenzi futhi sathi, “Heyi, yini ebangela le nkinga, ingabe inkinga ye-substrate (yokuhlobisa), inkinga yokuqina, noma enye into?; Sizama ukusekela i-Back-office… uma abakhiqizi bevela, kuletha ukwethembeka.”
Lapho inkinga ibonakala (izokwenzeka nakanjani ngolunye usuku), udinga ukuhlola ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezinkinga eziningi zephaneli ukusuka endaweni A kuya endaweni B. Izinsiza; Ingabe ilungisiwe ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana komshini; ingabe iwufanele umsebenzi? Ingabe uthenge izinto ezicacisiwe ezifanele ezinobunzima obufanele; zikhona yini izivivinyo zokuthi insimbi isekele okudingekayo?
“Akekho odinga ukuhlolwa nokusekelwa ngaphambi kokuthi kube nenkinga,” kusho uMcLaughland. “Khona-ke ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuthi othile uthi, ‘Ngifuna ummeli, futhi ngeke uhole.’”
Ukunikeza iwaranti efanele yephaneli yakho kuyindlela yokuthatha umthwalo wakho wemfanelo lapho izinto ziba zimbi nakakhulu. Imboni inikeza iwaranti eyisisekelo yensimbi (i-rust perforated ebomvu). Inkampani yepende inikeza iziqinisekiso zobuqotho befilimu yokugqoka. Abanye abathengisi, njenge-Drexel, bahlanganisa iziqinisekiso zibe munye, kodwa lokhu akuwona umkhuba ovamile. Ukubona ukuthi awunakho kokubili kungadala ikhanda elibuhlungu.
"Iziqinisekiso eziningi ozibonayo embonini zilinganiselwe noma cha (kuhlanganise ne-substrate noma iziqinisekiso zobuqotho befilimu)," kusho uMcLaughlin. “Lona ngomunye wemidlalo edlalwa yinkampani. Bazothi bazokunikeza isiqinisekiso sobuqotho befilimu. Bese uhluleka. Umphakeli we-substrate yensimbi uthi akuyona insimbi kodwa upende; umdwebi uthi yinsimbi ngoba ngeke inamathele. Bakhombana. . Ayikho into embi ukwedlula iqeqebana labantu emsebenzini lisolana bodwa.”
Kusukela kusonkontileka ofaka iphaneli kuya emshinini wokwenza umqulu ogingqa iphaneli, kuya emshinini wokwenza ama-roll osetshenziselwa ukwakha iphaneli, kuya kupende ogcotshiwe futhi oqeda ikhoyili, kuya efekthri ekhiqiza ikhoyili futhi ikhiqize insimbi yokwenza ikhoyili . Kudingeka ubambiswano oluqinile ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba zingalawuleki.
UMcLauchlan ukunxusa kakhulu ukuthi usungule ubambiswano oluqinile nezinkampani ezinikeza izinsizakalo ezingcono kakhulu zamaphaneli akho namakhoyili. Iziqinisekiso ezifanele zizodluliselwa kuwe ngeziteshi zabo. Uma bengozakwethu abahle, bazoba nezinsiza zokusekela lezi ziqinisekiso. UMcLauchlan uthe esikhundleni sokukhathazeka ngeziqinisekiso eziningi ezivela emithonjeni eminingi, umlingani omuhle uzosiza ukuqoqa iwaranti, "ngakho-ke uma kunenkinga yewaranti," kusho uMcLauchlan, "lesi iwaranti, umuntu uyafona, noma njengoba sisho. embonini, umphimbo uminyanisa.”
Iwaranti eyenziwe lula ingakunikeza ngezinga elithile lokuzethemba kwezokuthengisa. “Into ebaluleke kakhulu onayo isithunzi sakho,” kuqhubeka uMcLaughlin.
Uma unomlingani onokwethenjelwa ngemuva kwakho, ngokubuyekezwa nokuxazulula inkinga, ungakwazi ukusheshisa impendulo futhi unciphise amaphuzu obuhlungu jikelele. Esikhundleni sokumemeza endaweni yomsebenzi, ungasiza futhi ukunikeza umuzwa wokuzola njengoba inkinga kubhekwana nayo.
Wonke umuntu osochungechungeni lwempahla enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuba uzakwethu omuhle. Ngemishini yokwenza ama-roll, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthenga imikhiqizo yekhwalithi emithonjeni ethembekile. Isilingo esikhulu esokuthatha umzila oshibhe kunawo wonke ongakhona.
“Bengilokhu ngizama ukuthuthukisa indlela eyongayo,” kusho uMcLaughland, “kodwa lapho izindleko zenkinga ziphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-10 kunezindleko ezongiwe, awukwazi ukuzisiza. Kufana nokuthenga isaphulelo sika-10% ezintweni ezibonakalayo bese kuthi inzalo engu-20% ifakwe ekhadini lakho lesikweletu.”
Nokho, akusizi ukuba nekhoyili engcono uma ingaphathwanga kahle. Ukunakekelwa kahle komshini, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, ukukhetha okulungile kwamaphrofayili, njll. konke kudlala indima ebalulekile futhi konke kuyingxenye yezibopho zomshini.
Qiniseka ukuthi uhlangabezana ngokugcwele nokulindelwe ngamakhasimende akho. “Ake sithi unekhoyili eqine kakhulu, noma ayihlukaniswanga ngendlela efanele, noma iphaneli ikhubazekile ngenxa yokungalingani, kuzoncika ekutheni ubani ophendula i-raw ibe umkhiqizo osuphelile,” kusho uMcLaughland.
Ungase uthambekele ekusole umshini wakho ngale nkinga. Kungase kube nengqondo, kodwa ungajahi ukwahlulela, qala ubheke inqubo yakho: ingabe ulandele imiyalelo yomkhiqizi? Ingabe umshini usetshenziswa futhi unakekelwa ngendlela efanele? Ingabe ukhethe ikhoyili eqinile kakhulu; ithambile kakhulu; imizuzwana; ukusika/kuhoxisiwe/okungaphathwanga kahle; agcinwe ngaphandle; manzi; noma ezilimele?
Ingabe usebenzisa umshini wokuvala uphawu endaweni yomsebenzi? Uphahla kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi ukulinganisa kufana nomsebenzi. “Kumaphaneli emishini, avalekile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umshini wakho wokuvala ulinganiswe nephaneli oyisebenzisayo,” kusho yena.
Ungase utshelwe ukuthi ilinganiselwe, kodwa ingabe kunjalo? “Ngomshini wokutywina, abantu abaningi bayawuthenga, bawuboleke, bese bewuqasha,” kusho uMcLaughlin. inkinga? “Wonke umuntu ufuna ukuba umakhenikha.” Uma abasebenzisi beqala ukulungisa umshini ngokwezinjongo zabo, ungase ungasakwazi ukuhlangabezana namazinga okukhiqiza.
Isisho sakudala sokulinganisa kabili nokusika kanye siyasebenza nakunoma ubani osebenzisa umshini wokwenza ama-roll. Ubude bubalulekile, kodwa ububanzi bubalulekile. Igeji yesifanekiso esilula noma isilinganiso setheyiphu yensimbi singasetshenziswa ukuhlola ngokushesha usayizi wephrofayela.
"Wonke ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo linenqubo," kusho uMcLaughland. “Ngokombono wokwakhiwa kwama-roll, uma uhlangabezana nenkinga kulayini wokukhiqiza, sicela uyeke. Izinto esezicutshunguliwe kunzima ukuzilungisa… Ngizimisele ukuma ngithi yebo, ingabe ikhona inkinga?”
Ukuqhubekela phambili kuzomosha isikhathi nemali eyengeziwe. Usebenzisa lesi siqhathaniso: “Ngesikhathi usika u-2×4, ngokuvamile awukwazi ukuwabuyisela egcekeni lamapulangwe.” [I-Rolling Magazine]
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-14-2021