Umbono ka-Anish Kapoor wesithombe esibaziwe se-Cloud Gate e-Millennium Park e-Chicago sifana ne-liquid mercury, sibonisa idolobha elizungezile. Ukufeza lokhu okuphelele kuwumsebenzi wothando.
“Engangifuna ukukwenza ngeMillennium Park kwakuwukwenza okuthile okulingisa indawo yaseChicago… ukuze abantu babone amafu enyakaza futhi lezi zakhiwo ezinde kakhulu zibonakale emsebenzini. Bese-ke, ngoba kusesangweni. Ifomu, umhlanganyeli, umbukeli uzokwazi ukungena kuleli gumbi elijulile kakhulu, okwenza ngandlela-thile ekuboniseni komuntu lokho ukubonakala komsebenzi okwenzayo ekuboniseni idolobha elizungezile. U-Anish Kapoor, umqophi we-Cloud Gate
Kusukela endaweni ezolile yomfanekiso omkhulu wensimbi engenasici, kungaba nzima ukuqagela ukuthi ingakanani insimbi nama-guts acashe ngaphansi. I-Cloud Gate iqukethe izindaba zabakhi bensimbi abangaphezu kwe-100, abasiki, abashiseli, abaqedi, onjiniyela, ochwepheshe, izifaki, izifaki nabaphathi - ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu kwenziwa.
Abaningi basebenze amahora amade, besebenza ezinkundleni zokuxhumana phakathi kwamabili, bamisa amatende ezindaweni zokwakha futhi basebenza ekushiseni okungama-degree angu-110 begqoke amasudi e-Tyvek® hazmat aphelele kanye nemishini yokuphefumula yemaski enguhhafu. Abanye basebenza ezindaweni ezilwa namandla adonsela phansi, ngamathuluzi alengiswe kumahhanisi, futhi basebenza emithambekeni eshelelayo. Konke kuhamba kancane (nakude kakhulu) ukwenza okungenakwenzeka kwenzeke.
Isisindo samathani angu-110, amafidi angu-66 ubude namafidi angu-33 ubude, umfanekiso wensimbi engenasici, ohlanganisa umqondo wangempela womqophi u-Anish Kapoor wamafu akhuphukayo, kuwumsebenzi we-Performance Structures Inc., inkampani ekhiqizayo. (PSI), Oakland, California, kanye ne-MTH. Mission, Villa Park, Illinois. Emgubhweni wayo weminyaka eyi-120, i-MTH ingenye yezindala zosonkontileka bensimbi nengilazi endaweni yaseChicago.
Ukufeza izidingo zephrojekthi kuzodinga ukusebenza kobuciko, ubuhlakani, ulwazi lwemishini kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza lazo zombili izinkampani. Benza uku-oda futhi bakha nezinto zokusebenza zale phrojekthi.
Ezinye zezinkinga zephrojekthi zazihlobene nokuma kwayo okugobile ngendlela eyinqaba - inkaba noma inkaba ehlanekezelwe - kanti ezinye ubukhulu bayo obukhulu. Lo mfanekiso, owakhiwe izinkampani ezimbili ezihlukene ezindaweni ezihlukene eziqhele ngezinkulungwane zamamayela, udale izinkinga zethrafikhi nesitayela. Izinqubo eziningi ezidinga ukwenziwa ensimini zinzima ukuzenza ezitolo, ingasaphathwa eyomkhakha. Ubunzima obuningi buvela ngoba nje izakhiwo ezinjalo azikaze zidalwe ngaphambili, ngakho-ke azikho izinkomba, azikho imidwebo, azikho imigwaqo.
U-Ethan Silva we-PSI unokuhlangenwe nakho okubanzi ekwenzeni uzimele, okokuqala ngemikhumbi futhi kamuva kweminye imiklamo yobuciko, futhi uwufanelekele ngokukhethekile umsebenzi wokwenza uzimele. U-Anish Kapoor ucele umfundi oneziqu ze-Physics and Art ukuthi anikeze imodeli encane.
“Ngakho-ke ngenza ucezu oluyi-2m by 3m, ucezu olugobile olubushelelezi, olupholishiwe, wathi, 'O, ukwenzile, uwena wedwa okwenzile,' ngoba ubebheke iminyaka emibili. Woza, ucele othile ukuthi akwenze,” kusho uSilva.
Uhlelo lokuqala bekuwukuba i-PSI yenze futhi yakhe isithombe esiqoshiwe sisonke bese sithunyelwa sisonke oLwandlekazini iPacific, sinqamule iPanama Canal, enyakatho singene olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean futhi sidlule ngoLwandle i-St. Lawrence siye ethekwini eliseChibini. Michigan, ngokusho komqondisi omkhulu. U-Edward's Millennium Park Corporation, uhlelo lokuthutha oluklanywe ngokukhethekile luzomyisa eMillennium Park, kusho u-Ulliel. Izinkinga zesikhathi nokusebenza kwazo kuphoqe izinguquko kulezi zinhlelo. Ngakho-ke amaphaneli agobile kwakudingeka alungiselelwe ukuthutha bese ethunyelwa ngeloli e-Chicago, lapho i-MTH yahlanganisa khona i-substructure kanye ne-superstructure futhi yaxhuma amaphaneli ku-superstructure.
Ukuqeda nokupholisha amashisela e-Cloud Gate ukuze abukeke kalula kwakungenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu zokufakwa nokuhlanganisa esizeni. Inqubo yezinyathelo ezingu-12 iqedwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-blush ekhanyayo, efana ne-jewelry polish.
"Eqinisweni, sasebenza kulo msebenzi, senza lezi zingxenye cishe iminyaka emithathu," kusho uSilva. “Lokhu kuwumsebenzi onzima. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukuthola ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani futhi uthole imininingwane; niyazi, kuphelele nje. Indlela yethu, esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwensimbi yakudala, iyinhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bokubumba kanye ne-aerospace.”
Ngokusho kwakhe, kunzima ukwenza into enkulu futhi esindayo ngokunemba okuphezulu. Ama-slabs amakhulu kakhulu ayengamamitha angu-7 ububanzi namafidi angu-11 ubude futhi anesisindo esingamaphawundi angu-1,500.
"Ukwenza wonke umsebenzi we-CAD nokudala imidwebo yezitolo yangempela yalo mkhiqizo kwakuyiphrojekthi enkulu ngokwayo," kusho uSilva. “Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha ukukala amapuleti futhi sihlole ngokunembile ukuma kwawo nokugoba ukuze ahlangane ngendlela efanele.
"Senze ukulingisa kwekhompuyutha sabe sesiyihlukanisa," kusho uSilva. "Ngasebenzisa ulwazi lwami ekwakheni amagobolondo futhi ngathola ukuthi ngingahlukanisa kanjani isikhunta ukuze imigqa ye-seam isebenze ukuze sithole imiphumela engcono kakhulu yekhwalithi."
Amanye amapuleti ayisikwele kanti amanye anophaya. Uma zisondela ekuguqukeni okubukhali, ziba njengophayi futhi ziba nkulu irediyasi yoguquko lweradial. Phezulu ziyisicaba futhi zikhudlwana.
Ukusika i-Plasma ku-1/4 kuye ku-3/8 intshi ewugqinsi ongu-316L yensimbi engagqwali iqine ngokwanele ngokwayo, kusho uSilva. “Inselelo yangempela kwakuwukwenza amapuleti amakhulu ajike ngendlela enembile. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubumba okunembe kakhulu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesistimu yezimbambo zepuleti ngalinye. Lokhu kusivumele ukuthi sinqume ngokunembile umumo wepuleti ngalinye.”
Amashidi asongwa kumaroli e-3D aklanywe futhi akhiqizwa yi-PSI ngokukhethekile ukugoqa lawa mashidi (bona umdwebo 1). “Kuwuhlobo lomzala we-ice rink yaseNgilandi. Siwagingqa sisebenzisa indlela efana nokwenza amaphiko,” kusho uSilva. Goba ishidi ngalinye ngokulihambisa emuva naphambili kuma-roller, ulungise ukucindezela kuma-roller kuze kube yilapho ishidi lingaphakathi kuka-0.01″ wosayizi oyifunayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukunemba okuphezulu okudingekayo kwenza kube nzima ukwakha amapuleti ngokushelela.
Abashiseli babe sebeshisela ipuleti eligobile esakhiweni sangaphakathi sesistimu enezimbambo besebenzisa ama-flux cores. "Ngokubona kwami, ukumuncwa kwe-flux kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokwakha amashisela esakhiwo ngensimbi engagqwali," kuchaza uSilva. "Iletha ama-welds ekhwalithi ephezulu, igxile kakhulu ekukhiqizeni futhi ibukeka kahle."
Ubuso bonke bamabhodi bugaywa ngesandla futhi bufakwe ngomshini ukuze buwasike afinyelele endaweni eyinkulungwane edingekayo yokunemba kwamayintshi ukuze ahlangane kahle (bheka uMdwebo 2). Qinisekisa ubukhulu ngokulinganisa okunembile nokokusebenza kokuskena nge-laser. Ekugcineni, ibhodi lipholishwa kuze kube sekugcineni kwesibuko futhi limbozwe ngefilimu yokuzivikela.
Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamaphaneli, kanye nesisekelo kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, kwafakwa emhlanganweni wecala ngaphambi kokuba amaphaneli athunyelwe esuka e-Auckland (bheka izibalo 3 no-4). Kwahlelwa inqubo yokulengiswa kwamapuleti futhi kwenziwa ukushiselwa kwamanye amapuleti amancane ukuze ahlanganiswe ndawonye. "Ngakho-ke lapho siyihlanganisa eChicago, sasazi ukuthi izolingana," kusho uSilva.
Izinga lokushisa, isikhathi kanye nokudlidliza kwetroli kungabangela ukuba umkhiqizo ogoqiwe uxege. I-ribbed mesh yakhelwe hhayi nje ukwandisa ukuqina kwebhodi, kodwa futhi nokugcina ukuma kwebhodi ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
Ngakho-ke, amapuleti angaphansi kokwelashwa okushisa nokupholisa ukuze akhulule ukucindezeleka kwezinto ngokuqinisa i-mesh kusuka ngaphakathi. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhubeka umonakalo phakathi nokuthunyelwa, kubakaki benziwa ebhodini ngalinye futhi balayishwe ezitsheni ezine ngesikhathi.
Iziqukathi zabe sezilayishwa kuma-semi-trailer, cishe amane ngesikhathi, futhi zathunyelwa eChicago nabasebenzi be-PSI ukuze bafakwe nabasebenzi be-MTH. Omunye uchwepheshe wezokuthutha oxhumanisa ezokuthutha, kanti omunye uyinhloko yezobuchwepheshe yesayithi. Usebenza nsuku zonke nabasebenzi be-MTH futhi usiza ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha njengoba kudingeka. "Yebo, ubeyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenqubo," kusho uSilva.
UMongameli we-MTH uLyle Hill uthi i-MTH Industries ekuqaleni yayinikezwe umsebenzi wokunamathisela umfanekiso oqoshiwe we-ethereal phansi futhi ifake i-superstructure, bese iwushusela amapuleti futhi yenze ukufakwa kwesihlabathi nokupholisha okokugcina, i-PSI ihlinzeka ngokuqondisa kobuchwepheshe. Ukuqedela lo mfanekiso kwakusho ubuciko. Balance with practice, theory with practice, isikhathi esidingekayo kanye nesikhathi esihleliwe.
U-Lou Czerny, iphini likamongameli wezobunjiniyela kanye nomphathi wephrojekthi kwa-MTH, uthe ukuthakasele ukuhluka kwalo msebenzi. “Ngokolwazi lwethu, izinto eziningi zenzekile kule phrojekthi engakaze yenziwe noma icatshangwe ngaphambilini,” kusho uCzerny.
Kodwa ukuthuthukisa uhlobo lwayo lokuqala kudinga ubuhlakani be-deft khona lapho ukuze uphendule ezinkingeni ezingalindelekile futhi uphendule imibuzo ephakamayo endleleni:
Uwafaka kanjani amaphaneli ensimbi engagqwali angu-128 osayizi wemoto ku-superstructure engapheli ngokunakekela? Indlela yokuthengisa ama-flexbeans amakhulu ngaphandle kokuthembela kuwo? Ungangena kanjani ku-weld ngaphandle kokukwazi ukushisela ngaphakathi? Ungafinyelela kanjani isibuko esiphelele sokuqeda ama-welds ensimbi engagqwali ensimini? Kwenzekani uma umbani umshaya?
U-Czerny uthe inkomba yokuqala yokuthi lokhu kuzoba iphrojekthi eyinselele kakhulu yilapho kuqala ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwesiteji esingamaphawundi angu-30 000. Isakhiwo sensimbi esisekela umfanekiso.
Nakuba ukwakhiwa kwensimbi esezingeni eliphakeme ye-zinc ehlinzekwa yi-PSI ukuze ihlanganise isisekelo sesakhiwo esingaphansi kulula uma kuqhathaniswa, isakhiwo esingaphansi sitholakala maphakathi nendawo yokudlela kanye nohhafu wendawo yokupaka izimoto, ngayinye inobude obuhlukile.
"Ngakho-ke isisekelo siwuhlobo lwe-cantilevered, siyanyakaza ngesinye isikhathi," kusho uCzerny. “Lapho sifake khona inqwaba yale nsimbi, okuhlanganisa nokuqala komsebenzi wangempela we-slab, empeleni kudingeke ukuthi sishayele i-crane emgodini ongamamitha amahlanu ukujula.”
U-Czerny uthe basebenzise isistimu yokubambelela eqinile eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nesistimu yokuzenzisa eyimishini efana naleyo esetshenziswa ezimayini zamalahle nezinye izikhonkwane zamakhemikhali. Uma i-substructure yensimbi ifakwe kukhonkolo, i-superstructure kufanele ifakwe lapho igobolondo lizoxhunywa khona.
"Siqale ngokufaka isistimu ye-truss enezindandatho ezimbili ezinkulu ze-304 zensimbi engagqwali ye-O-eyodwa enyakatho yesakhiwo kanye neyodwa eningizimu," kusho u-Czerny (bheka Umfanekiso 3). Izindandatho ziboshelwe ngezigxobo ze-tubular eziphambanayo. I-subframe ewumgogodla wendandatho ihlukaniswa futhi iboshwe endaweni kusetshenziswa i-GMAW kanye neziqinisekiso zokushisela ama-electrode.
Ngakho-ke kunalesi sakhiwo esikhulukazi esingakaze sibonwe muntu; konke kungenxa yohlaka lwesakhiwo,” kusho uCzerny.
Naphezu kwemizamo emihle kakhulu yokuklama, ubunjiniyela, ukwakha kanye nokufaka zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zephrojekthi yase-Oakland, isithombe esiqoshiwe sasingakaze sibe khona, futhi izindlela ezintsha zihlala zihambisana nama-burrs kanye nokuklwebheka. Ngokufanayo, ukubhanqa imiqondo yokukhiqiza yenkampani eyodwa nenye akulula njengokudlulisa induku. Ukwengeza, ibanga elibonakalayo phakathi kwamasayithi liholela ekubambezelekeni kokulethwa, okwenza ukukhiqizwa kwesayithi kube okunengqondo.
"Yize izinqubo zokuhlanganisa nokushisela zaklanywa kusengaphambili e-Auckland, izimo zangempela zesayithi zidinga ukuthi wonke umuntu abe nobuciko," kusho uSilva. "Futhi abasebenzi bezinyunyana bahle kakhulu."
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-MTH kwakuwukunquma ukuthi yini edingekayo emsebenzini wosuku, kanye nendlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza ezinye zezingxenye ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe i-subframe, kanye nezinye ze-struts, "ukuthuthumela", izingalo, izikhonkwane. , futhi, njengoba kusho uHill, izinti ze-pogo. kwakudingeka ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwamacele wesikhashana.
“Kuwuhlelo oluqhubekayo, ukuklama nokukhiqiza ngokuphazima kweso ukugcina yonke into ihamba futhi ifike ngokushesha enkundleni. Sichitha isikhathi esiningi sihlela lokho esinakho, kwezinye izimo siklama kabusha futhi siklama kabusha, bese senza izingxenye ezidingekayo.
“NgoLwesibili nje sizoba nezinto eziyishumi okufanele sibe nazo enkundleni ngoLwesithathu,” kusho uHill. “Sinesikhathi esiningi esengeziwe futhi umsebenzi omningi esitolo wenziwa phakathi kwamabili.”
"Cishe amaphesenti angama-75 emihlangano eseceleni enziwa noma alungiswa esizeni," kusho uCzerny. “Kunezikhathi ezimbalwa esasikwenza amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Ngangisesitolo kwaze kwashaya u-2 noma 3 ekuseni ngafika ekhaya ngo-5:30 ekuseni, ngageza, ngathatha impahla, isemanzi. ”
Uhlelo lokumiswa okwesikhashana lwe-MTN olusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa isikebhe luhlanganisa iziphethu, ama-struts namakhebuli. Wonke amalunga phakathi kwamapuleti aboshwe okwesikhashana ngama-bolts. "Ngakho-ke sonke isakhiwo sixhumeke ngomshini, silengiswa ngaphakathi ngama-trusses angama-304," kusho uCzerny.
Saqala ngedome esisekelweni somfanekiso wenkaba - "inkaba ngaphakathi kwenkaba." Idome lilengisiwe kuma-trusses kusetshenziswa isistimu yokusekela intwasahlobo yamaphuzu amane yesikhashana, ehlanganisa iziphanyeko, izintambo neziphethu. Njengoba amabhodi engeziwe engeziwe, iziphethu ziba "isipho," kusho uCzerny. Khona-ke iziphethu zilungiswa ngokusekelwe esisindweni esengeziwe sepuleti ngalinye ukuze silinganisele wonke umfanekiso oqoshiwe.
Ibhodi ngalinye lamabhodi angu-168 linokumiswa kwamaphuzu amane kanye nesistimu yasentwasahlobo, ngakho-ke asekelwa ngamanye endaweni. "Umbono awukona ukucindezela noma yiliphi lamalunga njengoba exhunywe negebe elingu-0/0," kusho uCzerny. "Uma ibhodi lishaya ibhodi ngaphansi kungaholela ekuxabaneni nezinye izinkinga."
Ubufakazi bokunemba kwe-PSI ukulingana kwayo okuhle kakhulu ngaphandle kokuhlehla. "I-PSI yenze umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokwenza lawa maphilisi," kusho uCzerny. “Ngiyabancoma ngoba ekugcineni ufaneleka ngempela. Ukulingana bekukuhle impela okuyinto enhle kimina. Sikhuluma ngokwezwi nezwi mayelana nezinkulungwane zamayintshi. .”
“Lapho beqeda umhlangano, abantu abaningi babecabanga ukuthi sekwenziwe,” kusho uSilva, hhayi nje ngenxa yokucijwa kwemithungo, kodwa nangenxa yokuthi ingxenye ehlanganiswe ngokugcwele namaphaneli ayo apholishelwe ngokucophelela yenze ubuqili. indawo ezungezile. Kodwa i-butt seam iyabonakala, i-liquid mercury ayinayo i-seams. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifanekiso sisadingeka ukuba sishiselwe ngokugcwele ukuze sigcine ubuqotho baso besakhiwo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, kusho uSilva.
Ukuphothulwa kwe-Cloud Gate kwadingeka kubambezeleke ngesikhathi sokuvulwa okuhle kwepaki ekwindla ka-2004, ngakho-ke i-omphalus yayiyi-blot ye-GTAW, yingakho ibambe izinyanga.
"Ungabona amachashazi amancane ansundu nxazonke zesakhiwo ayengamashisela e-TIG," kusho u-Czerny. “Siqale futhi ukugxumeka amatende ngoJanuwari.”
"Inselelo enkulu elandelayo yokukhiqiza yale phrojekthi kwaba ukushisela ama-seams ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba kwefomu ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-weld," kusho uSilva.
NgokukaCzerny, ukushisela i-plasma kunikeze amandla adingekayo kanye nokuqina ngengozi encane eshidini. Ingxube ye-argon engu-98% kanye ne-helium engu-2% iyona engcono kakhulu ekwehliseni ukungcola kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuncibilika.
Abashiseli basebenzisa indlela yokushisela i-keyhole plasma besebenzisa umthombo wamandla we-Thermal Arc® kanye nomhlangano okhethekile wegandaganda nethoshi oklanywe futhi wasetshenziswa yi-PSI.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-04-2023