Ilayisi. 1. Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokugoqa wesistimu yokuphakelayo kwe-vertical roll, unqenqema oluholayo "lugoba" phambi kwama-goving rolls. Unqenqema olulandelanayo olusanda kusikwa lube selushelela phezu konqenqema oluholayo, lubekwe endaweni futhi lushiselwe ukwenza igobolondo eligoqiwe.
Noma ubani osebenza embonini yokwenziwa kwensimbi kungenzeka ukuthi ujwayelene nezigayo ezigoqayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izigayo ze-pre-nip, izigayo ze-double-nip three-roll, izigayo zokuhumusha zejiyomethri ezintathu, noma izigayo ezine-roll. Ngamunye wabo unemikhawulo kanye nezinzuzo, kodwa banento eyodwa abafana ngayo: bagoqa amashidi namapuleti endaweni evundlile.
Indlela eyaziwa kancane ifaka ukuskrola endaweni eqondile. Njengezinye izindlela, ukuskrola okuqondile kunemikhawulo nezinzuzo zako. Lawa mandla cishe axazulula inkinga okungenani eyodwa kwezimbili. Enye yazo umphumela we-gravity ku-workpiece ngesikhathi sokugoqa, kanti enye ukungasebenzi kahle kokucubungula izinto. Ukuthuthukiswa kungathuthukisa ukuhamba komsebenzi futhi ekugcineni kwandise ukuncintisana komenzi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokugoqa okuqondile abukusha. Izimpande zayo zingalandelelwa emuva ezinhlelweni zangokwezifiso ezimbalwa ezakhiwe ngawo-1970. Ngawo-1990s, abanye abakhi bemishini babenikela ngezigayo ezigoqayo njengomugqa womkhiqizo ojwayelekile. Lobu buchwepheshe semukelwe yizimboni ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokwakha amathangi.
Amathangi neziqukathi ezivamile ezivame ukukhiqizwa ziqonde phezulu zihlanganisa lezo ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini zokudla, zobisi, zewayini, zokuphisa, nezithaka imithi; Amathangi okugcina uwoyela we-API; amathange amanzi ashiselwe ezolimo noma ukugcina amanzi. Amaroli aqondile anciphisa kakhulu ukuphathwa kwempahla, ngokuvamile ahlinzeka ngekhwalithi engcono yokugoba, futhi asingathe ngokuphumelelayo isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuhlanganisa, ukuqondanisa nokushisela.
Enye inzuzo iboniswa lapho umthamo wokugcina wezinto ezibonakalayo ulinganiselwe. Ukugcinwa okuqondile kwama-slabs noma ama-slabs kudinga isikhala esincane kunokugcina ama-slabs noma ama-slabs endaweni eyisicaba.
Cabanga ngesitolo lapho imizimba yamathangi anobubanzi obukhulu (noma “izendlalelo”) igoqwa kumaroli avundlile. Ngemva kokugingqika, o-opharetha benza ukushisela amabala, behlise amafreyimu aseceleni, futhi banwebe igobolondo eligoqiwe. Njengoba igobolondo elincanyana ligoba ngaphansi kwesisindo salo, kufanele liqiniswe ngeziqinisi noma iziqinisi noma lizungezwe endaweni eqondile.
Umthamo omkhulu kangaka wokusebenza—ukuphakela amapulangwe ukusuka endaweni evundlile ukuya kumaroli avundlile ukuze nje uwasuse ngemva kokuwagingqa nokuwatshekisa ukuze anqwabelene—kungadala zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga zokukhiqiza. Ngenxa yokuskrola okuqondile, isitolo sisusa konke ukucubungula okumaphakathi. Amashidi noma amabhodi aphakelwa aqonde phezulu futhi agoqe, avikelwe, bese aphakanyiswa aqonde emsebenzini olandelayo. Lapho undiza, umkhumbi wethangi awumelani namandla adonsela phansi, ngakho awugobi ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo.
Okunye ukugingqika okuqondile kwenzeka emishinini engama-roll amane, ikakhulukazi amathangi amancane (ngokuvamile angaphansi kwamafidi angu-8 ububanzi) azohanjiswa ezansi nomfula futhi acutshungulwe ngokuqondile. Isistimu ye-4-roll ivumela ukugoqa kabusha ukuze kuqedwe amafulethi angagobile (lapho amaroli ebamba ishidi), okubonakala kakhulu kuma-diameter amancane.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukugoqa okuqondile kwamathangi kwenziwa emshinini onama-roll amathathu anejiyomethri yokugoqa kabili, ephakelwa ngamapuleti ensimbi noma ngokuqondile kumakhoyili (le ndlela iya ngokuya ivame). Kulokhu kusetha, u-opharetha usebenzisa i-radius gauge noma isifanekiso ukukala irediyasi yocingo. Balungisa amarola okugoba lapho bethinta unqenqema oluphambili lwewebhu, bese futhi njengoba iwebhu iqhubeka nokuphakela. Njengoba i-bobbin iqhubeka nokungena ingaphakathi layo elinamanxeba aqinile, imvelaphi yezinto ezibonakalayo iyakhula futhi umqhubi uhambisa i-bobbin ukuze abangele ukugoba okwengeziwe ukuze kunxephezele.
Ukunwebeka kuncike ezintweni ezibonakalayo kanye nohlobo lwekhoyili. I-diameter yangaphakathi (ID) yekhoyili ibalulekile. Ezinye izinto ziyalingana, ikhoyili ingamayintshi angama-20. I-ID iqina amanxeba futhi igxuma kakhulu kunekhoyili efanayo efika kumayintshi angu-26. I-IDENTIFIER.
Umfanekiso 2. Ukuskrola okuqondile sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokufakwa kwenkambu yethangi. Uma usebenzisa i-crane, inqubo ngokuvamile iqala esitezi esiphezulu futhi isebenza ngendlela yayo phansi. Qaphela okuwukuphela kwe-seam eqondile esendlalelo esiphezulu.
Qaphela, nokho, ukuthi ukuginqika emigqonyeni eqondile kuhluke kakhulu epuletini elijiyile kumaroli avundlile. Esimeni sakamuva, opharetha basebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi imiphetho yeshidi ifana ncamashi ekupheleni komjikelezo wokugoqa. Amashidi awugqinsi asongwe abe amadayamitha amancane awasebenzeki kabusha kancane.
Lapho kwakhiwa amagobolondo e-can anamaroli aqondile afakwe phezulu, u-opharetha akakwazi ukuhlanganisa imiphetho ekupheleni komjikelezo wokugoqa ngoba, vele, ishidi livela ngokuqondile kumqulu. Phakathi nenqubo yokugoqa, ishidi linomkhawulo oholayo, kodwa ngeke libe nomphetho wokulandela kuze kube yilapho lisikwa emgqeni. Endabeni yalezi zinhlelo, umqulu ugoqeka ube yindingilizi egcwele ngaphambi kokuba umqulu ugotshwe, bese uyasikwa ngemva kokuqedwa (bheka Umfanekiso 1). Unqenqema olulandelanayo olusanda kusikwa lube selushelela phezu konqenqema oluholayo, lubekwe endaweni ethile, bese lushiselwa ukwenza igobolondo eligoqiwe.
Ukugoba ngaphambili kanye nokugingqika kabusha emishinini eminingi e-roll-fed kungasebenzi kahle, okusho ukuthi ivamise ukuba namakhefu emaphethelweni aholayo nalandelayo (okufana namafulethi angagobile ekugoqeni okungagoqiwe). Lezi zingxenye ngokuvamile zigaywa kabusha. Kodwa-ke, amabhizinisi amaningi abona i-scrap njengenani elincane lokukhokhela konke ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha izinto ezihlinzekwa ngama-roller aqondile.
Kodwa-ke, amanye amabhizinisi afuna ukuthola okuningi ezintweni anazo, ngakho-ke akhetha amasistimu okulinganisa ama-roller eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ziyafana neziqondiso ezine-roll emigqeni yokubamba i-roll, ephendulwe phansi kuphela. Ukulungiselelwa okuvamile kufaka phakathi iziqondiso ezingu-7-roll nezingu-12 ezisebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuthatha, ukuqondisa nokugoba. Umshini wokuqondisa awugcini nje ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komkhono ngamunye onesici, kodwa futhi ukwandisa ukuguquguquka kwesistimu, okungukuthi uhlelo alukwazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezigoqiwe kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-slabs.
Indlela yokulinganisa ayikwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha imiphumela yezinhlelo zokulinganisa ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zesevisi, kodwa ingakhiqiza into eyisicaba ngokwanele ukuthi isikwe nge-laser noma i-plasma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa amakhoyili kukho kokubili ukugoqa nokusika.
Ake sithi u-opharetha ogingqa ikhese lengxenye yethini uthola umyalo wokuthumela insimbi eqinile etafuleni lokusika i-plasma. Ngemva kokuwagoqa amakesi wawathumela ezansi nomfula, wamisa uhlelo ukuze imishini yokuqondisa ingakwazi ukufakwa ngqo emagumbini omoya aqondile. Esikhundleni salokho, i-level iphakela impahla eyisicaba enganqunywa ubude, idale i-slab yokusika i-plasma.
Ngemva kokusika inqwaba yezikhala, opharetha uhlela kabusha isistimu ukuze iqalise kabusha ukugoqeka kwemikhono. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi igingqa izinto ezivundlile, ukushintshashintsha kwezinto (okuhlanganisa namazinga ahlukene okunwebeka) akuyona inkinga.
Ezindaweni eziningi zokukhiqiza izimboni nezakhiwo, abakhiqizi babheke ukukhulisa isibalo samafekthri ukuze kube lula ukwakhiwa nokuhlanganisa esizeni. Kodwa-ke, lo mthetho awusebenzi uma kuziwa ekwakhiweni kwamathangi amakhulu okugcina kanye nezakhiwo ezinkulu ezifanayo, ikakhulukazi ngoba umsebenzi onjalo uhilela ubunzima obumangalisayo ekuphatheni izinto.
I-roll-fed mpo esetshenziswa esizeni yenza ukuphathwa kwempahla kube lula futhi ithuthukise yonke inqubo yokwenziwa kwamathangi (bona ikhiwane 2). Kulula kakhulu ukuthutha amaroli ensimbi endaweni yomsebenzi kunokugingqa uchungechunge lwamaphrofayili amakhulu endaweni yokusebenzela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugingqika esizeni kusho ukuthi ngisho namathangi amakhulu kunawo wonke angakhiqizwa nge-weld eyodwa nje eqondile.
Ukuba nesilinganisi esisendaweni kunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kokusebenza kwesayithi. Kuyisinqumo esivamile sokwenziwa kwethangi esakhiweni, lapho ukusebenza okwengeziwe kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise amakhoyili aqondile ukuze benze amadekhi amathangi noma amaphansi ethangi esizeni, baqede ezokuthutha phakathi kwesitolo nendawo yokwakha.
Ilayisi. 3. Amanye amaroli aqondile ahlanganiswe ohlelweni lokukhiqiza amathangi esizeni. Ijekhi iphakamisa inkambo egoqwe ngaphambili ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukhreyini.
Eminye imisebenzi esesizeni ihlanganisa imigwaqo eqondile ibe isistimu enkulu, okuhlanganisa ukusika nokushisela amayunithi ahlanganiswe nojeke abahlukile, okuqeda isidingo sama-cranes asendaweni (bona Umfanekiso 3).
I-reservoir yonke yakhiwe ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi, kodwa inqubo iqala kusukela ekuqaleni. Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo: Umqulu noma ishidi liphakelwa ngamarola aqondile amayintshi ambalwa ukusuka lapho udonga lwethangi kufanele lube khona. Udonga lube selufakwa iziqondiso ezithwala ishidi njengoba lidlula kuwo wonke umzungezo wethangi. Umqulu omile uyamiswa, iziphetho ziyanqunywa, zigwazwe futhi umthungo owodwa oqondile ushiselwe. Khona-ke izakhi zezimbambo zishiselwa kugobolondo. Okulandelayo, i-jack iphakamisa igobolondo eligoqiwe phezulu. Phinda inqubo yekhekhe elilandelayo ngezansi.
Ama-welds we-circumferential ayenziwa phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ezigoqiwe, bese uphahla lwethangi lwenziwa endaweni - nakuba isakhiwo sasihlala siseduze nomhlabathi, kuphela amagobolondo amabili aphezulu akhiwe. Lapho uphahla seluqediwe, ojeke baphakamisa sonke isakhiwo belungiselela igobolondo elilandelayo, futhi inqubo iyaqhubeka—konke ngaphandle kwe-crane.
Lapho ukusebenza kufinyelela ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, ama-slabs aqala ukudlala. Abanye abakhiqizi bamathangi asensimini basebenzisa amapuleti anogqinsi oluyi-3/8 kuya ku-1 intshi, futhi kwezinye izimo ezinzima nakakhulu. Yiqiniso, amashidi awanikeziwe ngemiqulu futhi anomkhawulo ngobude, ngakho lezi zigaba ezingezansi zizoba nama-welds amaningana aqondile axhuma izigaba zeshidi eligoqiwe. Kunoma yikuphi, usebenzisa imishini eqondile esizeni, ama-slabs angathululwa ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi agingqe esizeni ukuze asetshenziswe ngokuqondile ekwakhiweni kwamathangi.
Lolu hlelo lokwakha amathangi luyisibonelo sokuphatha kahle okuzuziwe (okungenani ingxenye) ngokugoqeka okuqondile. Impela, njenganoma iyiphi enye indlela, ukuskrola okuqondile akulungile kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza. Ukusebenza kwayo kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kokucubungula okukudalayo.
Cabanga ukuthi umkhiqizi ufaka i-swath eqondile yokungaphakeli kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, eziningi zazo okuyizimbotshana ezinobubanzi obuncane ezidinga ukugotshwa ngaphambili (ukugoba imiphetho ephambili nelandelayo yocezu lokusebenza ukuze kuncishiswe izindawo eziyisicaba ezingagobile). Le misebenzi ngokwethiyori ingenzeka kumaroli aqondile, kodwa ukugoba ngaphambili kuhlangothi oluqondile kunzima kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, ukugoqa okuqondile kwenani elikhulu, okudinga ukugoba kwangaphambili, kungasebenzi kahle.
Ngokungeziwe ezinkingeni zokuphatha izinto, abakhiqizi bahlanganise ukuskrola okuqondile ukuze bagweme amandla adonsela phansi (futhi, ukugwema ukuguquguqula amagobolondo amakhulu angasekelwe). Kodwa-ke, uma ukusebenza kuhlanganisa kuphela ukugoqa ishidi eliqine ngokwanele ukuze ligcine umumo walo phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokugoqa, asikho isidingo sokugoqa lelo shidi liqonde phezulu.
Futhi, imisebenzi ye-asymmetrical (ama-oval nezinye izimo ezingajwayelekile) imvamisa yakheka kangcono ezindaweni ezivundlile, ngokusekelwa okuphezulu uma kudingekile. Kulezi zimo, izisekelo azivimbeli kuphela ukuwohloka ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi, ziqondisa isiqeshana somsebenzi ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokugoqa futhi zisize ukugcina ukwakheka kwe-asymmetrical ye-workpiece. Ubunkimbinkimbi bokukhohlisa umsebenzi onjalo buqonde bungaphikisa zonke izinzuzo zokuskrola okuqondile.
Umbono ofanayo uyasebenza ekugiqekeni kwekhoni. Ama-cones ajikelezayo ancike ekungqubuzaneni phakathi kwamarola kanye nomehluko wengcindezi ukusuka ekugcineni kwerola ukuya kwelinye. Roll ikhoni ibheke phezulu futhi amandla adonsela phansi azokwengeza ubunkimbinkimbi. Kungase kube khona okuhlukile, kodwa kuzo zonke izinhloso nezinjongo, ikhoni eskrola iqonde phezulu ayinakwenzeka.
Ukusetshenziswa komshini onama-roll amathathu onejiyomethri ehumushayo endaweni eqondile nakho ngokuvamile akwenzeki. Kule mishini, amaroli amabili aphansi aya ngapha nangapha kunoma iyiphi indlela, kuyilapho umqulu ongaphezulu ulungiseka ukuya phezulu naphansi. Lokhu kulungiswa kuvumela imishini ukuthi igobe amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi nezinto ezigoqa ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinzuzo azikhushulwa ngokuskrola okuqondile.
Lapho ukhetha ama-sheet rolls, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo olucophelelayo futhi oluphelele futhi ucabangele ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kokukhiqiza komshini. Ama-swaths aqondile anokusebenza okukhawulelwe kakhulu kunendlela evamile evundlile, kodwa anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni okufanele.
Imishini yokugoqa amapuleti aqondile ngokuvamile inomklamo obaluleke kakhulu, ukusebenza kanye nezici zedizayini kunemishini yokugoqa amapuleti avundlile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiqulu ivame ukuba mikhulu kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe, isusa isidingo sokufaka umqhele (kanye nomgqomo noma umphumela we-hourglass okwenzeka endaweni yokusebenza lapho umqhele ungalungiswanga kahle umsebenzi owenziwayo). Uma esetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nama-unwinders, akha impahla encane yawo wonke amathangi eshabhu, ngokuvamile afika ku-21'6″ ububanzi. Ungqimba olungaphezulu lwethangi elifakwe inkambu yobubanzi elikhudlwana lingase libe nokushisela okukodwa okuqondile esikhundleni samapuleti amathathu noma ngaphezulu.
Futhi, inzuzo enkulu kakhulu yokugingqika okuqondile kusezimeni lapho ithangi noma umkhumbi udinga ukwakhiwa uqonde ngenxa yomphumela wamandla adonsela phansi ezintweni ezincanyana (isibonelo esingafika ku-1/4″ noma 5/16″). Ukukhiqizwa okuvundlile kuzodinga ukusetshenziswa kwezindandatho zokuqinisa noma izindandatho zokuzinzisa ukuze kulungiswe isimo esiyindilinga sezingxenye ezigoqiwe.
Inzuzo yangempela yama-roller aqondile ilele ekusebenzeni kahle kokuphatha impahla. Ukukhohlisa okuncane okudingeka ukwenze ngomzimba, mancane amathuba okuthi ulimale futhi usetshenzwe kabusha. Cabanga ngesidingo esikhulu samathangi ensimbi engagqwali embonini yezemithi, ematasa kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ukuphatha kabi kungaholela ezinkingeni zezimonyo noma okubi nakakhulu, ukulimala kwe-passivation layer kanye nokungcoliswa komkhiqizo. Amaroli aqondile asebenza ngokuhambisana nezinhlelo zokusika, zokushisela kanye nokuqeda ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okukhohlisa nokungcoliswa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, abakhiqizi bangazuza kukho.
I-FABRICATOR ingumagazini ohamba phambili eNyakatho Melika wokwenza insimbi nokwakha. Umagazini ushicilela izindaba, izindatshana zobuchwepheshe kanye nezindaba zempumelelo ezenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ngempumelelo. U-FABRICATOR ubekulo mkhakha kusukela ngo-1970.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-FABRICATOR manje kuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula kwezinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje sekuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela kalula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español manje sekuyatholakala, okuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
U-Jordan Yost, umsunguli kanye nomnikazi we-Precision Tube Laser e-Las Vegas, usijoyina ukuze akhulume ...
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-07-2023