Inqubo enelungelo lobunikazi ivumela ukucindezelwa kokubumba ngezingcindezi eziphansi, ukonga ezindlekweni zempahla yokusebenza zokukhiqiza amaphaneli. #adhesives #ngaphandle kwe-autoclave #sheetforming compound
Kungase kubukeke njengomnyango wokhuni, kodwa empeleni kuwumfanekiso ogqinsiwe we-SMC, owenziwe kusetshenziswa inqubo entsha yokubumba ye-Acell ye-SMC. Le nqubo isebenzisa i-phenolic foam core ukuze idale iminyango namanye amaphaneli wokwakha ngokusebenzisa ukubunjwa okuphansi kwengcindezi ephansi. Umthombo: Asell
Lesi sithombe sibonisa ukufakwa komshini wokunyathelisa. Qaphela isitimela esiphakanyisiwe esibonakala phezulu kwesokunxele esisekela isistimu ye-robotic spray ye-PiMC yokumboza impushana. Umthombo: I-Italpresse
Ingxenye ephambanayo yephaneli ecindezelwe (ngaphandle kohlaka lokhuni) ebonisa ukuthi i-SMC resin ingena kanjani kumaseli avulekile we-foam core, idale ukuhlangana komshini ukuvimbela ukubola. Umthombo: Asell
Amaphaneli e-acell atholakala ngamakhulu okuqedwa, okuhlanganisa amaphethini emabula, njengoba kukhonjisiwe lapha. Umthombo: Asell
Isinyathelo 1: Ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, isikhunta se-aluminiyamu esicwecwe nge-nickel siqala ukudalwa kusetshenziswa umpetha oyinhlanganisela ukuze kudalwe kabusha indawo oyithandayo. Lobu buso obungezansi yiphaneli yomnyango evamile. Umthombo: Asell
Isinyathelo sesi-2: I-negative ye-glass-filled molding compound (SMC) ibekwe phezu kwethuluzi; esimeni sokukhiqiza, iveyili yangaphezulu iqala ukusetshenziswa esikhunjeni ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi yendawo engashintshi. Umthombo: Asell
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Iphaneli yomnyango ngokuvamile ihlanganisa uhlaka lwezinkuni, olukuvumela ukuthi ubhoboze izimbobo zehadiwe emnyango oqediwe noma iphaneli bese uyisika ukuze uvumelane nokufakwa kwakho. Umthombo: Asell
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Igwebu le-phenolic elinelungelo lobunikazi le-Acell (okungumlilo/intuthu/igciwane) lifakwa ohlakeni lwezinkuni. Umthombo: Asell
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Beka ishidi eliphezulu le-SMC ku-styrofoam nohlaka lokhuni bese wenza esinye isikhumba sangaphandle se-SMC kanye nesemishi le-styrofoam. Umthombo: Asell
Isinyathelo sesi-6: Qhathanisa iphaneli eqediwe nefomu. Qaphela ukuthi igwebu elixekethile likuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize kabusha ama-contours of panel. Umthombo: Asell
"Uma uyakha, zizofika" kungase kube isisho saseHollywood, kodwa futhi sichaza isu lokuthuthuka imboni yezinhlanganisela ngezinye izikhathi elisebenzisayo - ukwethula izinto ezintsha eziphoqayo ngethemba lokuthi imakethe izoshintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lungisa futhi ukwamukele. Ubuchwepheshe be-Acell's sheet molding compound (SMC) bungenye yezindlela ezintsha ezinjalo. Inikezwe ilungelo lobunikazi emhlabeni wonke ngo-2008 futhi yethulwa e-US ngo-2010, le nqubo ihlinzeka ngenhlanganisela yezinto kanye nenqubo yokusebenza okuphezulu kokubumba isangweji ngokwezifiso. Izindleko zempahla enkulu yamaphaneli ziphansi kakhulu kunokubunjwa kokucindezela okuvamile.
Umsunguli walokhu okusha yiqembu lobuchwepheshe bamakhemikhali lase-Italy i-Acell (eMilan, e-Italy), osekuyiminyaka engu-25 likhiqiza i-phenolic foam core eyingqayizivele yamaseli avulekile wezakhiwo ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo iminyaka engu-25. I-Acell yayifuna ukuthola imakethe ebanzi yemikhiqizo yayo yegwebu futhi yathuthukisa indlela yokusebenzisa igwebu ngokuhambisana ne-SMC ukuze yenze kahle iminyango neminye imikhiqizo yamaphaneli emakethe yokwakha. Uzakwethu wezobuchwepheshe i-Acell Italpresse SpA (i-Bagnatica, i-Italy ne-Punta Gorda, eFlorida) udizayine futhi wakha umugqa ophelele wokukhiqiza wokukhiqiza amaphaneli ayinhlanganisela ngokuvumelana nemingcele ethile. "Sikholelwa kumodeli yethu yebhizinisi lokudala izinqubo nemikhiqizo ezosetshenziswa umhlaba wonke," kusho isikhulu sezohwebo sakwa-Acell uMichael Free.
Mhlawumbe uqinisile. Lokhu kwadala isasasa elikhulu embonini. Eqinisweni, i-Ashland Performance Materials (i-Columbus, e-Ohio) isungule umfelandawonye wamasu ne-Acell ukukhuthaza lobu buchwepheshe eNyakatho Melika. Inqubo ye-Acell iphinde yaklonyeliswa nge-2011 Composites Excellence Award (ACE) yi-American Composite Manufacturers Association. (ACMA, Arlington, Virginia) Isigaba sokusungula inqubo.
Inqubo entsha yokubumba iyi-crystallization yenani elikhulu locwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamaphaneli amasemishi. U-Dave Ortmyer, i-COO ye-Italpresse USA, uchaze ukuthi imiklamo ekhona yeminyango eyinhlanganisela yenziwa ngezinyathelo eziningi kanye nenqubo enzima yokusebenza ehlanganisa ukwenza uhlaka lwangaphakathi, ukugcoba isikhumba se-SMC, ukuhlanganisa izingxenye, futhi ekugcineni, igwebu le-polyurethane lithelwa ngaphakathi. ukufakwa kwe-thermal. Ngokuphambene, inqubo ye-Acell ikhiqiza iphaneli yomnyango elilinganayo esinyathelweni esisodwa futhi ngezindleko zokuqala eziphansi kakhulu. "Isikhunta sesikhumba somnyango we-SMC esivamile singabiza imali efika ku-$300,000," kusho u-Ortmyer. "Inqubo yethu ingakunika umnyango ophelile ngesikhathi esisodwa, izindleko zamathuluzi zizoba ngu-$20,000 kuya ku-$25,000."
Izinto ezibonakalayo zidlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Ngokungafani namagwebu amaningi e-phenolic, athambile, ashwabene futhi antekenteke (njengegwebu lezimbali eziluhlaza elisetshenziselwa ukuhlelwa kwezimbali), i-Acell Foam iyinhlanganisela yezithako zobunikazi ukuze kwakhe igwebu lesakhiwo esinamandla. m3 (5 kuya ku-50 lb/ft3). Igwebu linezinto zokuvikela ukushisa, ukumelana nomlilo, intuthu nobuthi (FST), kanye nezakhiwo ezimunca umsindo. Iyatholakala futhi ngezinhlobonhlobo zamasayizi amaseli, kusho uFree. I-SMC egcwele ingilazi esetshenziswa kumaphaneli eminyango yenziwa ngu-Acell, esho. Ngenxa yokuthi i-SMC ijwayele ukukhipha umoya ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, u-Ortmeier uthi, igwebu lisebenza njengezinto eziphefumulayo, elivumela igesi ukuthi ibaleke isikhunta ngokusebenzisa izimbobo.
Nokho, inkinga eyinhloko ukufinyeleleka. U-Ortmeier uthe ozakwethu banethemba lokuhlinzeka ngamathuluzi angabizi kakhulu kubakhiqizi abancane noma labo abakhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi ngesaziso esifushane. Ekubunjweni kokucindezela kwe-SMC okujwayelekile, amathuluzi makhulu futhi ayabiza, uthi, hhayi nje ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye zikhulu, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi kufanele zimelane nokuguga okubangelwa ukunyakaza nokugeleza "kwezindleko" eziningi ze-SMC ezihlanganisiwe. ekubunjweni. . ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu esetshenziswayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi igwebu le-Acell elakheke kakhulu lihlala “librittle” (likhubazekile) ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ingcindezi evamile yokucindezela izoyichoboza ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ukucindezela kokubumba kufanele kube phansi. Ngakho-ke, inqubo ye-Acell isebenzisa kuphela ungqimba oluncane lwe-SMC esikhumbeni. Ayinyakazi noma igeleze ibheke eceleni, ngakho-ke abukho ubungozi bokuguga endaweni yamathuluzi. Eqinisweni, i-resin ye-SMC igeleza kuphela ku-z-direction - inqubo yakhelwe ukunikeza ukushisa okwanele esikhunjeni ukuze kuncibilike i-matrix ye-SMC, okubangela ukuthi enye inhlaka ingene kumaseli egwebu aseduze njengoba ibhidlika kancane ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
"Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokubumba, igobolondo le-SMC empeleni lilungiswa ngomshini nangamakhemikhali egwebu," kuchaza uFrey, futhi uthi "ukukhishwa kwegobolondo akunakwenzeka." elinye Ithuluzi eliqine kakhulu. Izindleko zokufaka ukhonkolo okubili okuzacile (phezulu nangaphansi) ngemininingwane engaphezulu edingekayo ziyingxenye yezindleko ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ithuluzi le-SMC lensimbi noma elinomshini we-aluminium. Umphumela, uthi ozakwethu, inqubo ethengekayo enikeza inhlobonhlobo yemisebenzi ngezindleko ezivamile zemali.
Kodwa-ke, ukukwazi ukuthenga nokuthengeka akukhiphi ukuguquguquka. Kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningi lapho izinto ezilukiwe zifakwe ku-laminate. Zivele zakhelwe kungqimba oluphakathi, okwandisa amandla okugoba amaphaneli. NgokukaFree, izindwangu ezilukiwe ze-aramid, amakhekheba ensimbi ngisho nezinto ezifakwa e-pultruded zingahlanganiswa namasemishi panel futhi zicindezelwe ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kokungezwani kokuqhuma, ukuvikela ukweba nokunye. "Sifuna abakhiqizi baqonde ukuthi le nqubo iguquguquka kakhulu futhi iyavumelana nezimo," echaza. "Ingakhiqiza amaphaneli awugqinsi noma amancane enziwe ngokwezifiso ngenani eliphansi ngaphandle kokucubungula okwengeziwe okufana nokunamathisela noma ukubopha."
Imboni yezinqubo, eklanywe i-Italpresse ngokukhethekile i-Acell, iqukethe umshini wokucindezela we-downstroke wamathani angu-120 namapuleti ashisayo ukuze ubeke isikhunta samaphaneli. I-platen engezansi iklanyelwe ukuthi ihambe iphinde iphume emshinini ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi u-Ortmeier uthi kuyenzeka wengeze ipuleti eliphansi lesibili elishisayo ngakolunye uhlangothi lomshini ukuze libekwe phezu kwesikhunta esisodwa ngenkathi enye icindezela usebenzisa i-Layup. esiteshini. Ama-Slabs angu-2.6m/8.5ft x 1.3m/4.2ft wezinhlelo zokusebenza “ezivamile” njengeminyango yokuhlobisa, kodwa ama-slabs angenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze afanele amaphrojekthi athile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kungenzeka futhi ukuguqula ukusetha okukhona komshini ukuze kufane nenqubo ye-Acell, inqobo nje uma ingcindezi ingalawulwa (ngezitobhi zokufa) ukuze ugweme ukuminyanisa ngokweqile.
Isikhunta senziwe ngazinye kuphrojekthi yephaneli ngayinye futhi singenziwa ngezindlela zendabuko zokuphonsa. Ukuthola indawo yesikhunta enencazelo ephezulu elingisa izinto zemvelo ezifana nokhuni noma itshe, amaphaneli e-fiberglass/polyester abekwa ngokuqondile ezintweni ezikhethwayo ukuze kwakheke amaphethini ayinhloko wamathuluzi aphezulu naphansi. Amamodeli amabili ayinhloko athunyelwa endaweni yokusungula, lapho amathuluzi enziwe nge-aluminium-nickel alloy. Ithuluzi elincanyana uma kuqhathaniswa lishisa ngokushesha futhi lingaphakanyiswa futhi lihanjiswe ama-opharetha amabili lapho lingenzi lutho. Ezinye izinketho zamathuluzi ziyatholakala, kodwa amasu okulingisa akhiqiza amathuluzi ngenani eliphansi futhi ngokujwayelekile 0.75″ kuya ku-1″ (20 kuya ku-25 mm) ubukhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, isikhunta silungiswa ngokuhambisana nendawo oyifunayo yephaneli. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuhlanganisa nokuqeda kuyatholakala, Kuchazwe Mahhala, okuhlanganisa i-powder coating (PiMC), impushana ye-pigment efafazwayo esetshenziswa kabanzi encibilika futhi isabelane ne-SMC ukwenza i-UV kanye nokungazweli ukuklwebheka. Umbala wendawo yephaneli. Okunye okukhethwa kukho kuhlanganisa ukuthulula isihlabathi esinemibala noma yemvelo phezu kwesikhunta ukulingisa itshe, noma ukusebenzisa iveyili ephrintiwe engangeza ukuthungwa kanye nephethini. Okulandelayo, i-filament engaphezulu ibekwe phezu kwesikhunta, khona-ke ungqimba lwe-SMC olugcwele ingilazi lusikwa lube yi-mesh shape futhi lubekwe phansi phezu kwesikhunta esilungisiwe.
Ucezu lwegwebu le-Acell elingu-1″/26mm eliwugqinsi (nalo elisikwe libe yisimo se-mesh) labe selibekwa phezu kwe-SMC. Isendlalelo sesibili se-SMC sisetshenziswa kugwebu kanye nefilimu yesibili ukuze kube lula ukukhishwa kwezingxenye futhi kunikeze umsele wokuguquguquka okukhishwa yi-SMC. I-bottom die, ebekwe phezu kwepuleti eshisayo, bese ifakwa ngomshini noma ngesandla emshinini lapho izinga lokushisa lenqubo lika-130 ° C kuya ku-150 ° C (266 ° F kuya ku-302 ° F) lifinyelelwa. Yehlisa isikhunta esingaphezulu esitakini, ushiye igebe elincane lomoya phakathi kwesikhunta, bese ucindezela ungqimba olumaphakathi ngamandla angu-5 kg/cm2 (71 psi) cishe imizuzu emihlanu ukuze wakhe iphaneli eqinile njengasesinyathelweni sesi-6. umjikelezo wokunyathela, ubuhlalu buyashelela buphume bese ingxenye iyasuswa.
Ukuze udale iphaneli yomnyango ojwayelekile, inqubo yashintshwa ngokungeza uhlaka lwezinkuni lwesangweji emaphethelweni esiqephu (isinyathelo sesi-3) nokufaka igwebu ngaphakathi kohlaka. Ukhuni olunomphetho luvumela iminyango ukuthi isikwe ibe yizilinganiso eziqondile futhi amahinge afakwayo nokufakwa kungafakwa kalula, kuchaza uFritsch.
Nakuba iminyango eminingi eyinhlanganisela yendabuko manje yenziwa e-Asia, u-Ortmayer uthi inqubo ye-Acell “ivumela ukukhiqizwa 'kwasendaweni' emhlabeni ngenxa yezindleko zakho eziphansi. Kuyindlela yokudala imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ngemali efanelekile. Njengamanje kunabanikazi bamalayisense abayisikhombisa e-Europe abasebenzisa inqubo ye-Acell ukwenza iminyango neminye imikhiqizo yamaphaneli, futhi intshisekelo e-US ikhule ngokushesha kusukela ekutholeni umklomelo we-ACMA ngo-2011, kusho uFree, onethemba lokubona okuningi ezingxenyeni zokwakha zangaphandle. Isetshenziswa kaningi, ngokwesibonelo, njengamaphaneli okuvala (bheka isithombe), le nqubo inhle kakhulu ngokwezinga lokushisa elishisayo, ukumelana ne-UV kanye nokumelana nomthelela.
Enye inzuzo ukuthi amaphaneli e-Acell angasebenza kabusha ngo-100%: kufika ku-20% wezinto ezigaywe kabusha zisetshenziswa kabusha ekukhiqizeni igwebu. "Senze inqubo yokubumba ye-SMC eyongayo neluhlaza," kusho uFree. UMike Wallenhorst uthe umfelandawonye wamasu ne-Ashland kulindeleke ukuthi wenze ubuchwepheshe baziwe kabanzi. Umqondisi Wokuphathwa Komkhiqizo e-Ashland. "Kuwucezu lobuchwepheshe oluhlaba umxhwele olufanele izethameli eziningi."
I-US ibonakala ikulungele ukutshala imali eningi kungqalasizinda. Ingabe imboni yezinhlanganisela ingakusingatha lokhu?
Amaphaneli ayinhlanganisela avimbela umlilo ahlinzeka ngesakhiwo, umoya ongangeni kanye nama-façades ayisakhiwo sodumo ezakhiweni ezingamaphayona e-Dubai.
Umqondo wokwakha we-modular uthathe isinyathelo sokwakha esiyinhlanganisela, unikeza izixazululo eziningi zezindlu ezithengekayo zazo zonke izinhlobo zabakhi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-01-2023