Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi kuqhubeka nokukhula, siyanda isidingo esihlobene nensimbi kagesi esetshenziswa kumamotho kagesi.
Abahlinzeki bezinjini zezimboni nezentengiso babhekene nenselelo enkulu. Ngokomlando, abahlinzeki abafana ne-ABB, i-WEG, i-Siemens ne-Nidec banikeze kalula izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni amamotho abo. Yebo, kunokuphazamiseka okuningi kokunikezwayo kuyo yonke impilo yemakethe, kodwa akuvamile ukuthi lokhu kukhule kube inkinga yesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, sesiqala ukubona ukuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto okungase kuphazamise amandla okukhiqiza abahlinzeki bezimoto eminyakeni ezayo. Insimbi kagesi isetshenziswa ngobuningi ekwenzeni izinjini zikagesi. Lokhu okubalulekile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekudaleni inkambu ye-electromagnetic esetshenziselwa ukujikeleza i-rotor. Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zikagesi ezihlotshaniswa nale ferroalloy, ukusebenza kwenjini bekungehla kakhulu. Ngokomlando, izinjini zezicelo zezentengiselwano nezimboni bekuyisizinda samakhasimende esikhulu sabahlinzeki bensimbi kagesi, ngakho abahlinzeki bezimoto ababanga nankinga yokuthola izintambo zokuphakela kuqala. Kodwa-ke, ngokufika kwezimoto zikagesi, isabelo sabahlinzeki bezentengiselwano nezimboni zamamotho kagesi sesisongelwa yimboni yezimoto. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi kuqhubeka nokukhula, siyanda isidingo esihlobene nensimbi kagesi esetshenziswa kumamotho kagesi. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla okuxoxisana phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezimoto zezentengiselwano/zezimboni nabahlinzeki babo bensimbi aya ngokuya eba buthaka. Njengoba lo mkhuba uqhubeka, uzophazamisa ikhono labahlinzeki lokuhlinzeka ngensimbi kagesi edingekayo ekukhiqizeni, okuholela ezikhathini zokuhola ezinde kanye namanani aphezulu kumakhasimende.
Izinqubo ezenzeka ngemva kokwakhiwa kwensimbi eluhlaza zinquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhloso impahla engasetshenziswa. Enye inqubo enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi "i-cold rolling" futhi ikhiqiza lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "insimbi egoqiwe ebandayo" - uhlobo olusetshenziselwa insimbi kagesi. Insimbi egoqiwe ebandayo yenza iphesenti elincane lokufunwa kwensimbi futhi le nqubo idume ngokudla imali enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ukukhula kwamandla okukhiqiza kuhamba kancane. Eminyakeni engu-1-2 edlule, sibone izintengo zensimbi egoqelwe ngokubanda zikhuphuka zafika kumazinga omlando. I-Federal Reserve iqapha izintengo zomhlaba wonke zensimbi egoqiwe ebandayo. Njengoba kuboniswe eshadini elingezansi, intengo yale nto inyuke ngaphezu kuka-400% kusukela enanini layo ngoJanuwari 2016. Idatha ibonisa ukuguquguquka kwamanani entengo yensimbi ebandayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezintengo ngoJanuwari 2016. Umthombo: I-Federal Reserve Bank yase-St. Ukushaqeka kokuhlinzekwa kwesikhashana okuhlobene ne-COVID kungesinye sezizathu zokwenyuka kwamanani ensimbi egoqelwe ngokubanda. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwesidingo sezimoto zikagesi embonini yezimoto bekulokhu futhi kusazoqhubeka nokuba yisici esithonya amanani. Ekukhiqizeni ama-motor kagesi, insimbi kagesi ingabalelwa ku-20% wezindleko zezinto. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi inani lokuthengisa eliphakathi kwamamotho kagesi likhuphuke ngo-35-40% uma kuqhathaniswa noJanuwari 2020. Njengamanje sixoxa nabahlinzeki bezimoto zezentengiselwano nezimboni mayelana nenguqulo entsha yemakethe ye-voltage ephansi ye-AC motor. Ocwaningweni lwethu, sizwile imibiko eminingi yokuthi abahlinzeki banenkinga yokuhlinzeka ngensimbi kagesi ngenxa yokuthanda kwabo amakhasimende ezimoto afaka ama-oda amakhulu. Saqala ukuzwa ngayo maphakathi no-2021 futhi isibalo sezinkomba zayo ezingxoxweni zabahlinzeki siyakhula.
Inani lezimoto ezisebenzisa izinjini zikagesi ekudluliselweni liselincane uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezisebenzisa izinjini ezivamile zangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, izifiso zabakhi bezimoto abakhulu ziphakamisa ukuthi ibhalansi izoshintsha ngokushesha phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo. Ngakho-ke umbuzo uwukuthi, sikhulu kangakanani isidingo embonini yezimoto futhi singakanani isikhathi salokho? Ukuze siphendule ingxenye yokuqala yombuzo, ake sithathe isibonelo sezinkampani ezintathu ezinkulu zezimoto emhlabeni: iToyota, Volkswagen, neHonda. Ngokuhlangene benza ama-20-25% emakethe yezimoto emhlabeni wonke mayelana nokuthunyelwa. Laba bakhiqizi abathathu bodwa bazokhiqiza izimoto eziyizigidi ezingama-21.2 ngo-2021. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe izimoto eziyizigidi ezingama-85 zizokhiqizwa ngo-2021. Ukuze kube lula, ake sicabange ukuthi isilinganiso phakathi kwenani lamamotho asebenzisa insimbi kagesi kanye nokuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi ngu-1:1. Uma nje u-23.5% wezimoto ezilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-85 ezikhiqizwayo zisebenza ngogesi, inani lamamotho adingekayo ukuze kusekelwe leyo volumu lingadlula ama-low-voltage AC induction motors angu-19.2 million adayiswa ngo-2021 ukuze kusetshenziswe ezohwebo nezimboni.
Ukuthambekela ezimotweni zikagesi akunakugwenywa, kodwa ukunquma ijubane lokutholwa kungaba umsebenzi onzima. Okucacile nokho ukuthi abakhiqizi bezimoto abanjengoGeneral Motors bazibophezele ekufakeni ugesi ngokugcwele ngo-2035 ngo-2021, baphusha imakethe yezimoto zikagesi esigabeni esisha. Ku-Interact Analysis, silandelela ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi njengengxenye yocwaningo lwethu oluqhubekayo emakethe yamabhethri. Lolu chungechunge lungasetshenziswa njengenkomba yezinga lokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi. Sethula leli qoqo ngezansi, kanye neqoqo lensimbi egoqwe ebandayo eliboniswe ngaphambilini. Ukuzihlanganisa kusiza ukukhombisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokwenyuka kokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi nezintengo zensimbi kagesi. Idatha imele ukusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa namanani ka-2016. Umthombo: I-Interact Analysis, i-Federal Reserve Bank yase-St. Ulayini ompunga umele ukuhlinzekwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ezimotweni zikagesi. Leli inani lenkomba futhi inani lango-2016 limelela u-100%. Ulayini oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka umele amanani entengo ensimbi egoqiwe ebandayo, futhi ethulwe njengenani lenkomba, ngezintengo zika-2016 ku-100%. Siphinde futhi sibonise isibikezelo sethu sokuhlinzekwa kwebhethri le-EV esimelwa amabha anamachashazi ampunga. Maduze uzobona ukukhuphuka okubukhali kokuthunyelwa kwebhethri phakathi kuka-2021 no-2022, ngokuthunyelwa cishe izikhathi eziyi-10 ngaphezu kwango-2016. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ungabona futhi ukukhuphuka kwentengo yensimbi egoqiwe ebandayo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Esikulindele ngesivinini sokukhiqizwa kwe-EV simelelwa ulayini ompunga onamachashazi. Silindele ukuthi igebe lesidingo sokuhlinzekwa kwensimbi kagesi likhule eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo njengoba ukukhula kwamandla kulele ngemuva kokwanda kwesidingo sale mpahla embonini ye-EV. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuzoholela ekushodeni kokuhlinzekwa, okuzozibonakalisa ezikhathini ezinde zokulethwa kanye namanani aphezulu emoto.
Isixazululo sale nkinga sisezandleni zabahlinzeki bensimbi. Ekugcineni, insimbi kagesi eyengeziwe idinga ukukhiqizwa ukuze kuvalwe igebe phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo. Silindele ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke, nakuba kancane. Njengoba imboni yensimbi ibhekana nalokhu, silindele ukuthi abahlinzeki bezimoto abahlanganiswe ngokuma mpo ochungechungeni lwabo lokuhlinzeka (ikakhulukazi impahla yensimbi) ukuthi baqale ukukhulisa isabelo sabo ngezikhathi ezimfushane zokulethwa nezintengo eziphansi. okudingekayo ekukhiqizeni kwabo. Abahlinzeki bezinjini bebelokhu bebheka lokhu njengenjwayelo yesikhathi esizayo iminyaka. Manje singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lo mkhuba usuqalile ngokusemthethweni.
UBlake Griffin unguchwepheshe wezinhlelo ezishintshayo, ukufakwa kwedijithali kwezimboni kanye nokufakwa kukagesi kwezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni. Selokhu ajoyina i-Interact Analysis ngo-2017, ubhale imibiko ejulile mayelana ne-voltage ephansi ye-AC motor, ukugcinwa kokubikezela kanye nezimakethe zama-hydraulics ezihambayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-08-2022