Idolobha eliyisiqhingi eligcwele imali nokuzikhukhumeza elingenakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokukhuphuka. futhi phezulu. futhi phezulu. Cabanga ngesibhakabhaka saseManhattan sihamba kancane, siqala cishe ngo-1890—lapho i-New York Peace Tower iphakama ngaphezu kwe-284-foot spire ye-Trinity Church—futhi ifinyelela umvuthwandaba namuhla: uchungechunge oluqhubekayo lwezimpumelelo zasezulwini, i-duel entsha eziqhenyayo idlula okokugcina.
Mhlawumbe ingxenye enkulu yalo mlando yayiqhutshwa ukuncintisana okunonya—ngokwesibonelo, impi eshubile yesihloko sesakhiwo eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni phakathi kwe-Chrysler Building neManhattan Bank Trust Building (40 Wall Street), uChrysler ayinqoba ngokumangalisayo. . i-margin Beat empini: I-spire eyakhelwe ngokuyimfihlo yengezwe ngomzuzu wokugcina, iphusha irekhodi lokuphakama laseNew York libe ngamafidi angu-1,046 ezinyangeni ezingu-11 eziyigugu ngaphambi kokuba i-Empire State Building ifinyelele phezulu. Kodwa umlando wezakhiwo zedolobha awukwazi ukwehliswa ube omakhenikha begeyimu. Ezinye izinto ziyenzeka. IManhattan yakhiwe ngoba yayingakwazi ukukhula futhi yayingakwazi ukuhlala ithule. Labo bahlali abakwazi ukwenza lokhu bazolwela ukukhuphuka intaba.
Manje siphila enkathini ehlukile yokuqwala. Kunezakhiwo ezingu-21 edolobheni ezinophahla olungaphezu kwamamitha angu-800, eziyisikhombisa zazo zakhiwa eminyakeni engu-15 edlule (futhi ezintathu zazo zakhiwa ezinyangeni ezingu-36 ezedlule). Kulesi sipesheli saseNew York, sihlola iqoqo leziqhingi elisendaweni ephakeme eqhwakele phezulu kwama-megastructure angu-21. Indawo yayo yonke ingamamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-34 futhi ihlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala zikanokusho, indawo yokusebenza ebabazekayo (ngesikhathi nangemuva kokwakhiwa), ama-hangouts asezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokubukeka, ukuzizwisa kwalobu bude obusha kuyahluka kulokho okwenzeka ngaphambilini lapho imicibisholo iphakanyiswe yaba amafithi angu-400, 500, noma angu-600. Ebangeni elingamamitha angu-800 nangaphezulu, kukhona okungajwayelekile edolobheni elinemigwaqo enuka santungwana nemigwaqo ephithizelayo elindile, inyakaza ngokuvilapha futhi ijahe - uhlobo lokuhlehla lwe-alpine. Wonke umuntu waseNew York uyazi ukuthi ikuphi ukuhlukaniswa okujabulisayo okungatholakala phakathi kwezixuku ezingaziwa emigwaqweni. Kungokunye: umuzwa onzima wokuzihlukanisa obangelwa ukufinyelela endaweni yokubuka engabonakali ifanele iso lomuntu.
Eminyakeni eyishumi kusukela manje, imibono ethulwa emakhasini alandelayo ingase ibonakale ingavamile futhi ingaphelele. Kodwa namuhla banikeza amazwibela angavamile ezindawo ezintsha ezingavamile zedolobha esibhakabhakeni. UJack Silverstein ♦
U-Alicia Mattson, osebenza esiqongweni seWorld Trade Center 1, uqhathanisa isipiliyoni esingaphezu kwamamitha angu-800 “nokuba seqhweni elikhulukazi. Konke kuzolile.” Isikebhe emfuleni Ndodana. “Ugxile ezintweni ezifana nokuhamba ngezikebhe,” kusho yena. “Awuzizwa sengathi usedolobheni ngempela.” Kulokhu kuphakama, umsindo wempilo yedolobha uyanyamalala kanye nemininingwane eseduze. Umbono awucaci. Izimoto nabahamba ngezinyawo emgwaqeni babonakala bekhasa.
“Ungazisola ngempela uma elinye lamachashazi liyeka ukunyakaza unomphela?” kubuza u-Harry Lime esondweni likaFerris ku-The Third Man.
Ihhovisi likaJimmy Park nalo lisesitezi sama-85, kanti ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula uthanda ukuqwala izintaba, ngamanye amazwi, “Ubukela phansi into engekho futhi uzizwa sengathi kusekude phambili.” suka lapho udinga ukuya khona uma udinga ukuphepha. Ukubona ukude nakho kuyayelapha. Kwenzeka endizeni, ezintabeni, ogwini lolwandle. Ngizohlangana neklayenti elisha futhi sizobe silunguza ngefasitela futhi sijabulele lokhu kuthula okupholile.
“Kufana,” eqhubeka, “nomphumela wokubuka” osomkhathi abawuzwayo futhi obangele yonke inhlangano yendawo ezungezile. Uyabona ukuthi umncane kangakanani nokuthi umhlaba ungakanani."
ITestamente Elidala limemezela ukuthi zonke izigodi kufanele ziphakanyiswe futhi wonke amagquma kufanele ehliswe, ngokuhambisana nemibono yakudala yokulinganisa nokulinganisa. Ngekhulu le-18, ukwesaba, ukwesaba, kanye nenjabulo eyayigcinelwe uNkulunkulu ngaphambili kwase kuphenduke izenzakalo zokuma komhlaba njengezintaba kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokunqoba iziqongo. U-Kant ukubize ngokuthi "kuhle kakhulu." Ngekhulu le-19, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha namadolobha, imvelo yayiphikisana nomuntu owenziwe. I-sublime ifinyeleleka ngokukhuphukela phezulu kwezakhiwo ezide.
Ngalo moya, uRichard Morris Hunt waklama iNew York Tribune Building, eyaqedwa ngo-1875, enombhoshongo wensimbi ongamamitha angama-260 owawuqhudelana nesonto leTrinity Church njengesakhiwo eside kunazo zonke edolobheni. Ingxenye yesine yekhulu kamuva, i-Daniel Burnham's 285-foot Flatiron Building yabeka indawo enhle entsha kwabade nabancane, ngokushesha baqhudelana ne-700-foot MetLife Tower ebhekene ne-Madison Square Park. eduze kwesakhiwo iWoolworth Cass Gilbert, 1913, 792 ft.
Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-20 kamuva, isibhakabhaka saseNew York sathola ukufaneleka kwayo kukaPlato eChrysler kanye ne-Empire State Building. I-Empire State Building's 204-foot mooring mast, engakaze idokwe, ilingana nentengiso ye-Trinity College's spire. Njengoba u-EB White ebhala, imidwebo yasemadolobheni “ezweni ifana nezindebe zesonto ezimhlophe emaphandleni—izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokulangazelela nokholo, izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezibheke phezulu.”
Isibhakabhaka saseNew York esinamagquma sesiphenduke isithonjana sedolobha, isithombe sekhadi leposi seNkathi YaseMelika kanye nesithombe sefilimu sakudala, i-silhouette yaso ebonisa okwakwenzeka ngezansi. Umbono kaMhlophe usekelwe empilweni yasemgwaqweni enempilo, indlela imibhoshongo ehlangana ngayo nomgwaqo ogandayiwe. Amadolobha afuna ukuvelela emashumini eminyaka amuva nje akhe amabhilidi amade kuneDolobha laseNew York kodwa awazange athathe indawo yeManhattan ngokuphelele, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi isibhakabhaka singemuva kokuya emadolobheni, uma singathathwa ezindaweni zangempela, eziphithizelayo.
Ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka edlule, eManhattan, isimo sanqunywa ukuhluka komakhelwane, hhayi nje ukuphakama: indlu yokulala enesitezi sama-20 kuPark Avenue isawuphawu oluphambili lwephiramidi yomphakathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuphakama okuyisiyezi ngempela njengamamitha angu-800 kwakuyizakhiwo zokuhweba, hhayi izakhiwo zokuhlala. Amabhilidi akhangisa izinkampani. Ngokuphakama okunjalo, izindleko eziphezulu zokwakha azikwazi ukumbozwa ngamafulethi kuphela.
Lokhu kushintshile kuphela kule minyaka eyishumi edlule noma ngaphezulu, lapho amafulethi ezakhiweni zikanokusho njenge-15 Central Park West ake abiza u-$3,000 noma ngaphezulu ngonyawo lwesikwele ngasinye. Kungazelelwe, iphrojekthi ende kakhulu, ezacile kakhulu i-57th Street enesitezi esikhulu ngokwanele ukuhlala ifulethi noma amabili futhi edinga amakheshi ambalwa kakhulu ukuthi athathe indawo kunesakhiwo sohwebo kuzoba inkinga konjiniyela abanolaka. enenzuzo. Abadwebi bezakhiwo abadumile babehilelekile. Njengoba uCarol Willis, umqondisi ongumsunguli we-Skyscraper Museum eLower Manhattan, ethanda ukusho, ifomu lilandela ezezimali.
Ukuphakama kwashintsha ngokuzumayo indawo njengophawu lwesimo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi imithetho yokuklama iqondise izakhiwo eziphakeme ezindaweni zedolobha ezinemingcele engase zisetshenziswe kaningi njenge-57th Street, nayo enikeza amathuba okwenza imali e-Central Park, ngenxa yokuthi yayihloselwe iNingizimu Asia. osozimboni zethusi kanye nama-oligarchs aseRussia banentshisekelo encane yokuhlala ezindlini zabo. Ababadingi omakhelwane noma kunjalo. Bafuna imibono. Onjiniyela bakhangisa izakhiwo njengezindawo ze-de facto country, lapho amathuba okuhlangana nomuntu ongesona isisebenzi sebhilidi engenamsebenzi, futhi indawo yabo yokudlela ingeyabantu kuphela, ngakho ngisho nokudla ngaphandle akudingekile. ngempela uyaphuma.
Abantu abaningi baseNew York, benganelisekile ngekhefu lentela elinikezwa izikhulu nabanamandla balezi zakhiwo eziphakeme, bazicabangela besebenza ethunzini elide, elibushelelezi elifakwe emibhoshongweni emisha. Kepha izithunzi eceleni, lokho akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele ngezakhiwo ezinde kakhulu. Abanye bangase bangawuthandi usayizi wabo, kodwa amafulethi ambalwa ezindaweni eziningi okungezona ezokuhlala eduze kwaseMidtown noma ku-Wall Street akuzona imbangela yokwakhiwa kwe-gentrification kanye nokufuduka. Kungase kube khona ukucwaswa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe endaweni ephikisana nokuphezulu. Ngokuqinisekile, kunamaShayina amaningi acebile, amaNdiya nama-Arabhu okuthi, njengabanduleli bawo abangamaJuda, ancamele ukubukela phansi amabhodi okubambisana ase-Upper East Side lapho ebhekene nenqubo yokuqinisekisa engenakwenzeka.
Noma ngabe yikuphi, i-57th Street manje isiyaziwa ngokuthi iBillionaire Street futhi ingcebo isifinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-skyscraper ihlobene kakhulu nalokhu. UWilliam F. Baker, osize ukuklama iBurj Khalifa yaseDubai, umbhoshongo omude kunawo wonke emhlabeni ongamafidi angu-2,717, usanda kuchaza ubunjiniyela obudala ukuphila okungaphezu kwamafidi angu-800. Onjiniyela, osekunesikhathi eside becabanga ukuthi bangawagcina kanjani amabhilidi angawi, baya ngokuya begxila enkingeni enzima kakhulu: ukwenza abantu abangaphakathi bazizwe bephephile, usho kanje. Lona umsebenzi onzima ngoba amabhilidi amade kakhulu futhi azacile kakhulu aklanyelwe ukugoba kunokuba aphuke njengamaphiko endiza. Abantu abavamile bakhathazeka ngemisebenzi eyenziwa ezakhiweni ezinde isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kube khona okusongela ukuphepha kwabo. Ukuphusha kancane okuthatha kalula emotweni noma esitimeleni kungabangela ukwethuka kwezitezi ezingu-100 phezulu, nakuba usaphephe kakhudlwana esakhiweni kunasemotweni.
Imizamo emangalisayo iyenziwa njengamanje ukunciphisa le miphumela. Imibhoshongo yanamuhla emincane kakhulu ifakwe izinto eziphikisayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ama-dampers nezinye izinto ezinyakazayo, kanye namakheshi aphakamisela abantu abangaphakathi emoyeni, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha kangangokuthi uzwa noma iyiphi i-g-force ephazamisayo. Ijubane elingamafidi angama-30 ngomzuzwana libonakala liyijubane elifanele, okuphakamisa ukuthi imibhoshongo ewubukhazikhazi ingafinyelelwa emkhawulweni—hhayi ngoba asikwazi ukuklama amabhilidi ukuphakama ngemayela, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi abaqashi abacebile ngeke bakubekezelele lokho okudingekayo. imizuzu. eya esakhiweni Amakheshi angena ngaphakathi ashayela akhuphukele ezindlini lapho kukhokhwa khona izindleko zonyaka zeRiphabhulikhi yasePalau.
Izidingo ezikhethekile zobunjiniyela kuthiwa zibandakanya ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zamakhondomu amade kakhulu afana ne-432 Park Avenue, okwamanje okuyibhilidi lekhondomu elide kunazo zonke eMidtown Manhattan nelinye lamanani abiza kakhulu. Ingaphandle layo liyi-mesh kakhonkolo nengilazi, njenge-Sol LeWitt enwetshiwe noma ivasi enwetshiwe ka-Josef Hoffmann (noma umunwe omaphakathi ophakanyisiwe, kuye ngombono wakho). Izivalo ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili eduze kophahla, usayizi wenjini yesitimela - kanye nokuziqhayisa ngokubukwa okumangalisayo kobude obukabili bedolobha - kusebenza njengezinqamuleli zokushaqeka, ezihlinzeka nge-ballast futhi zivimbele amakhandeli ukuthi akhale kanye nezingilazi ze-champagne eziwela phezulu.
Ukube iPetronas Towers kanye ne-Empire State Building kwake kwaba umngcele weManhattan osenyakatho naseningizimu, izigxobo zesibhakabhaka sedolobha, izindawo zekhampasi manje zifaka i-1 World Trade, 432 Park, kanye ne-One57 amabhulokhi ambalwa ngasentshonalanga. Eyakamuva, enamajika ayo axakile namafasitela anombala, ihola ukusuka maphakathi nedolobha iManhattan kuya eLas Vegas noma eShanghai. Cishe ikhilomitha ukusuka, ibhilidi elikhulu lebhodi elibizwa ngokuthi i-Hudson Yards lisongela ngokuba yiSingapore encane yaseWest End.
Kodwa ukunambitheka kunzima ukugunyazwa. Lapho i-Chrysler Building iqedwa, yamukelwa ngokwesaba abagxeki base betuswa njengepulani yezakhiwo eziphakeme, njengoba ingilazi yesimanje nemibhoshongo yensimbi yayilungisa kabusha isimo sangemva kwempi futhi yavusa ukucasuka okusha. Uma sibheka emuva, siyabona ukuthi izimpawu zezwe zango-1950s ezifana ne-Gordon Bunshaft's Lever House e-SOM kanye nesakhiwo se-Seagram sika-Mies van der Rohe zazizinhle futhi zihlotshiswe njenganoma yini enye e-United States, nakuba emashumini eminyaka alandelayo zashintsha. iveze izigidi zokulingisa kwezakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphansi ezingcolisa iManhattan futhi zifihle ubuhlakani boqobo. Kwakuyinkathi yokufuduka kwabamhlophe nokusabalala kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, lapho uRoland Barthes echaza iNew York njengedolobha elikhulu elima mpo, “abantu abangekho ekunqwabelaneni,” kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi imibhoshongo yamapaki yaseMelika, evame ukunukubezwa ngokungafanele. izindawo ezimpofu, eziningi ezisemaphethelweni edolobha, zashiywa. Ibhilidi elibi kunawo wonke kuleli dolobha eliku-375 Pearl Street, osekunesikhathi eside lalaziwa ngokuthi i-Verizon Tower, iyinunu engenafasitela namanje engaphezulu kweBhuloho laseBrooklyn. Yakhiwa nguMinoru Yamasaki ngo-1976, ngemva nje kweTwin Towers, futhi abantu baseNew York babebathanda noma bebazonda - kwaze kwaba yilapho abaningi bebabona ngendlela ehlukile, hhayi nje ngenxa yalokho okwenzekile. 11 Septhemba. Ekuseni nakusihlwa, amakhona emibhoshongo ebaziwe amunca ukukhanya kwelanga, okwenza amaribhoni awolintshi nesiliva antante emoyeni. Manje i-1 World Trade ivukile emlotheni. Amabhilidi amadala wesimanjemanje asebuyile emfashinini. Ukunambitha, njengesibhakabhaka saseNew York, kuhlala kungumsebenzi ongapheli.
Emabhilidini amasha, ngithanda i-432, eklanywe ngu-Rafael Viñoly, kanye ne-jumble efundwayo ye-56 Leonard, yedolobha (Herzog & de Meuron bangabakhi bezakhiwo). Emabhilidini amasha, ngithanda i-432, eklanywe ngu-Rafael Viñoly, kanye ne-jumble efundwayo ye-56 Leonard, yedolobha (Herzog & de Meuron bangabakhi bezakhiwo). ISIZO SOKUFUNDA I-Herzoog & De meuron). Emabhilidini amasha, ngithanda i-432 ka-Rafael Vignoli kanye ne-hodgepodge kaLeonard ka-56 enkabeni yedolobha (abakhi bezakhiwo u-Herzog & de Meuron). Из новостроек мне нравятся 432, спроектированные Рафаэлем Виньоли, kanye 56 Леонардов в центре города (архитектор Herzog & de Meuron). Emabhilidini amasha, ngithanda angu-432, aklanywe u-Rafael Vignoli, kanye no-56 Leonards enkabeni yedolobha (umdwebi wezakhiwo u-Herzog & de Meuron).Zakhiwe ngokuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze zihlobise isibhakabhaka. Abanye abaphakamayo, njenge-53 West 53rd Jean Nouvel, eduze kweMuseum of Modern Art, kanye ne-111 57th Street, eklanywe ngabakwa-SHOP Architects, bathembisa ukusiza ukuhlehlisa isikali emuva emibonweni yakudala. Imibhoshongo ingamabhokisi alungele ukuhamba asethathe amashumi eminyaka esikhundleni salezi zakhiwo.
Abanye basanovalo lokuthi kunenqwaba yezigodlo zezikhulu kuleli dolobha. Bangaduduzeka ngokuthi i-ultra-tall phenomenon bekuwumdlalo wezihlalo zezimali. Imithetho emisha yombuso ehloselwe ukulwa nezinkampani zamagobolondo kanye nokuxhashazwa kwemali manje idinga ukuthi abathengi bemali bezindlu zikanokusho badalule amagama angempela abanikazi bazo. Kuvela ukuthi cishe isigamu sokuthengwa kwezindlu ezithengiswayo eManhattan kukhokhwa ngokheshi, kanti ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izinto ezitholwa izindlu ezintsha enkabeni yedolobha zingabathengi bakwamanye amazwe. Kuhlanganiswe nezintengo zikawoyela eziwayo kanye namazinga okushintshaniswa kwe-yuan ashintshayo, imithetho emisha ibonakala inomthelela. Okwamanje, imakethe ye-condominium engamamitha angu-800+ iyaqhubeka nokwehla. Amanye amafulethi amade kakhulu ebhodini lokudweba angase abambezeleke.
Abaphathi bezinkampani abasazidingi izakhiwo ezintsha zebhizinisi eziwubukhazikhazi. Zifaneleka kakhulu izinkulungwane zeminyaka ezithanda izakhiwo ezivuselelwe, impilo yasemgwaqweni kanye nezindawo zokusebenza. Umdwebi wamapulani u-Bjarke Ingels usanda kuklama imibhoshongo eminingana eNew York enamasimu amakhulu akhuphukayo athatha ubumnandi bomgwaqo emoyeni.
“Umkhuba uwukwakha izindawo ezivalekile ezinamawindi asuka phansi kuya ophahleni ukuze ungene ngamabhokisi,” kusho u-Ingels. “Indawo evulekile ibithathwa njengewuhlupho engathinti ukubaluleka kwebhilidi kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kuyashintsha. Ngiyaqala ukuzwa abantu abasebhizinisini lokuqasha bethi badinga izindawo ezivulekile. Lokhu kusezindaweni zokuhlala nezamabhizinisi.” “Ngakho. Ngicabanga ukuthi ikusasa elingamamitha angu-800 limayelana nokuxhumana nezwe langaphandle kunokulibalekela.”
Kungenzeka. INew York inomoya omkhulu futhi kubanda. Iminyaka eminingi, u-anti wami wayeqasha ifulethi lesitudiyo esisezingeni eliphansi esitezi se-16 sebhilidi eliseGreenwich Village, elinompheme obheke e-Washington Square Park kanye ne-Manhattan engezansi, nakuba iningi lemibono liphansi. izakhiwo ezinde, uphahla lwetiyela elimnyama kanye nokubalekela umlilo. I-canvas eluhlaza kanye ne-white canvas efakwe ilanga ingavulwa ukuze kwakheke umthunzi phezu kwethala. Emgwaqeni kwaphuma amazwi namahutha emoto. Amanzi emvula achaphazekile phansi. Entwasahlobo, kuheleza umoya ohelezayo usuka emfuleni. Lapho ngise-New York, ngizizwa njengomuntu ojabule kakhulu eNew York, phezulu nasenkabeni yedolobha.
Indawo emnandi yawo wonke umuntu ihlukile. Ngimi eWindow 1 World Trade in 1000 feet noJimmy Park. Wayazisa imibono yaseBrooklyn naseQueens. Ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwethu kunophahla lwe-7 World Trade, umbhoshongo wehhovisi lezingilazi ongamamitha angu-743 owakhiwe ngobungcweti uDavid Childs, ngqo ngaphansi kwethu. Singawaqonda amakhenikha kuphela. Insizwa emi lapho kungaba iphuzu likaHarry Lime.
Ngabuza uParker ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi umude kangakanani. Wamphulula isiphongo. Wathi akazange ngempela acabange ngakho. ♦
UMichael Kimmelman ungumgxeki wezokwakha weNew York Times. Ukushicilelwa kwakhe kokugcina kumagazini kwakumayelana namachibi ayimfihlo nezingadi zaseManhattan.
UMatthew Pillsbury ungumthwebuli wezithombe. Umsebenzi wakhe uzokhonjiswa eBen Ruby Gallery eNew York ngo-2017.
Eyake yaziwa ngokuthi iFreedom Tower, iyisitezi esikhulu kunazo zonke eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe futhi inamakheshi ashesha kakhulu. Ikheshi elinesivinini esikhulu lihamba ngamamayela angu-22 ngehora futhi likhuphuka lisuka phansi liye esitezi se-100 ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engama-60.
Eminyakeni eyishumi nantathu ngemuva komhla zi-9/11, amakhulu abasebenzi basePort Authority baba ngabagibeli bokuqala ukubuyela emsebenzini endaweni.
Isitezi esikhulu sokuqala esizokwakhiwa “okubalulekile kuqala” edolobheni laseNew York, lapho ingqikithi kakhonkolo yesakhiwo, ehlala amakheshi, izitebhisi, amasistimu omshini namapayipi amanzi, yakhiwe ngaphambi kohlaka lwensimbi olungaphandle. izinyunyana zabasebenzi zedolobha Ukuduba osozinsimbi.
“Izakhiwo eziningi azinabo ubuntu,” kusho uRobert AM Stern, umakhi wesakhiwo esisha ende kunazo zonke edolobheni laseNew York. “Awufuni ukuya osukwini lwesibili nabo. Kodwa ungase ube nemizwa yothando ngesakhiwo sethu.”
Kokubili ibhilidi ne-Chrysler Building zithi yisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi zombili zisakhiwa. Eyake yaziwa ngokuthi i-40 Wall Street, yahlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga kwaze kwanezelwa i-spire e-Chrysler Building. Kungakapheli nonyaka badlulwa yi-Empire State Building.
Inkampani yomshwalense i-American International Group yaphuma ebhilidini le-Art Deco ngo-2009 futhi okwamanje isiguqulela ekubeni ihhotela nefulethi eliqashisayo lika-$600 wezigidi.
Lapho siqedwa, lesi sakhiwo ebelaziwa ngokuthi i-1 Chase Manhattan Plaza kwakuyisakhiwo samahhovisi ezentengiselwano esikhulu kunazo zonke kuleli dolobha isikhathi esingangekota yekhulu, isikhungo samabhange esikhulu kunazo zonke esinophahla olulodwa esake sakhiwa, futhi esokuqala eDolobheni laseNew York ukusebenzisa i-“1 Chase” isakhiwo. , , Plaza” njengekheli lebhizinisi.
Eqanjwe ngokuthi i-Jenga Tower ngedizayini yabadwebi bezakhiwo abawine umklomelo we-Pritzker u-Jacques Herzog no-Pierre de Meuron, izitezi eziguquliwe zesakhiwo zinwebeka kuzo zonke izinkomba ukusuka ku-eksisi yaso emaphakathi.
Lapho umakhi uFrank Gehry edla isidlo sasemini nomakhi wezindlu uBruce Ratner, uRatner wambuza, “Yini ofuna ukuyakha eNew York?” U-Gehry udwebe idizayini yezakhiwo enabukeni.
I-spire yebhilidi le-Art Deco yakhelwe njengensika yokubopha futhi uphahla lwalo luyi-zeppelin arehouse, abagibeli bazosebenzisa ithala elingaphandle esitezi se-103 futhi basule amasiko esitezi se-102. Ukulungiswa kwebhilidi kuphazamise uhlelo lokuhlala kwendiza.
Eyokuqala kwemibhoshongo emisha engu-16 ehlelelwe i-Hudson Yards ngezindleko zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-25. Lesi sakhiwo sinesikhungo saso sokushisa esihlangene kanye namandla futhi sixhunywe endaweni yedolobha kanye ne-microgrid kanye nezinye izitshalo zamandla kagesi eziseduze.
UWalter Chrysler wenqaba ukukhokhela umakhi uWilliam Van Alen ngemuva kokuba isakhiwo sakhe esizixhasa ngemali sibe yisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni. UVan Alen wamangalela futhi ekugcineni wathola imali yakhe, kodwa akazange aphinde athole amakhomishini amakhulu okuklama.
Ngo-2005, i-MetLife yathutha ikamelo layo lenkomfa lango-1893, okuhlanganisa nophahla lwasekuqaleni lweqabunga legolide, indawo yokhuni oluqinile, indawo yomlilo, nezihlalo, yayisa endaweni engama-57 yesakhiwo.
Yisakhiwo sokuqala sezentengiselwano esisezingeni eliphezulu ukuthola isitifiketi se-LEED Platinum, isilinganiso esiphezulu sezemvelo isakhiwo esingasifinyelela. Izinyosi zihlala kolunye lophahla oluwohlokayo.
Ngenkathi ihlongozwa futhi yamukelwa ngo-1999, umthuthukisi wayo uDonald Trump wayibiza ngesakhiwo sokuhlala eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa ebhekene nokuphikiswa okunamandla. OwayenguYankee uDerek Jeter wathenga i-penthouse ngo-2001 (wayithengisa ngo-2012).
“Izinsika” ezinezitezi eziyisishiyagalolunye zesakhiwo saseCitigroup zenza kube nokwenzeka ukubeka isonto kwelinye lamakhona ale ndawo. Uphahla luse-angle engu-45 degree futhi luklanyelwe ama-solar panel, angakaze afakwe kusukela uphahla alubheki ilanga ngokuqondile.
Isakhiwo esaziwa ngokuthi i-Rockefeller Center ekuqaleni sasinezakhiwo ezingu-14 futhi siqashe amashumi ezinkulungwane zezisebenzi phakathi Nokucindezeleka Okukhulu Komnotho, kuhlanganise nabasebenzi bensimbi abangu-11 ababoniswe lapha esitezi sama-30 se-Rock (manje eyi-Comcast University) isithombe sesidlo sasemini esibekwe phezu kombhede. . izinyawo zabo zilenga amafidi angama-850 ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ingxenye yezohwebo, isakhiwo sokuhlala ingxenye esakhiweni esake saba yiSitolo Somnyango sika-Alexander sihlanganisa igceke eligqugquzelwe izindonga zeDolobha laseNew York njenge-Grand Central Station kanye neGumbi Lokufunda Legatsha Lomtapo Womphakathi WaseNew York.
Njengamanje isakhiwo sokuhlala esinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni, sagqugquzelwa amathini kadoti futhi saklanywa sazungeza lokho umklami waso uRafael Vignoli akuchaza ngokuthi “uhlobo oluhlanzekile lwejiyomethri: isikwele.”
Ngenxa yokungalingani kahle ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, lesi sakhiwo sagcina sesingamamitha angu-11 ngaphezu komkhawulo obekwe abahleli bedolobha. Ukugunyazwa kwe-retroactive akuzange kunikezwe; esikhundleni salokho, umthuthukisi ukhokhe inhlawulo yezigidi ezingu-2.1 zamaRandi, ingxenye yayo eyayihloselwe ukulungisa indawo yokuzijwayeza umdanso eduze kwedolobha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2022